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1、The Embodiment of Hawthornes Feminist Consciousness in “The Scarlet Letter” 霍桑的女权主义意识在红字中的体现Introduction of the AuthoroNathaniel Hawthorne, the author of this book was one of the most interesting, yet most ambivalent(矛盾 的) writer in American literary history. He was called the “Moral Historian of Pu
2、ritan New England”.oHes one of the most influential writers inAmerica in the 19th century. His novel The Scarlet Letter published in 1850 ensures his permanent fame in literature. oBeing different from other male writers at the same time, Hawthorne wrote a novel into the feminist tendency. This kind
3、 of consciousness could be traced back to his life background, as well as the transcendentalist(超验主义), romanticism. o总之,与同时期的其他男性作家不同,霍桑在 写小说时,融入了女权主义倾向。这种意识 可追溯到他的生活背景,以及超验主义,浪漫 主义。 About the Novelo In this novel Hawthorne sets his story in the 17th century American Boston under the rule of puritan
4、 magistrates(地方法官，治安官). According to some theories of feminist criticism, Hawthornes feminism consciousness prompted him to shape a rebellion(反抗，叛乱) character in the Scarlet letter. oIn the Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne described this consciousness into his villains, the heroines inner world. Hawthorne
5、revealed Hesters marginalized status(边缘地位), reflected female consciousness of the widespread in the Puritan society. Hawthorne also criticized that origin from the patriarchal（父权的，父系的） consciousness of unequal treatment of women.o根据一些女权主义批评理论,霍桑的女权主 义意识促使他在红字中塑造了一个反叛 女性。在红字中,霍桑将这种意识融入 到了他描绘的反派女主人公海斯
6、特的内心世 界。霍桑通过揭示海斯特的社会边缘地位, 反映了在清教社会中普遍存在的厌女意识。 霍桑还谴责那种源于男权意识对妇女不平等 的待遇。 oIn his work, he portrayed a rebellious woman -, Hester, abandoned by the society and a man, was the victim of a Puritan severe penalty(刑罚，惩罚), and she got great sympathy. Her beauty, courage, rebellion, and her virtue as a mothe
7、r are worth highlighting.o在作品中,他描绘了一个反叛妇女海 斯特,作为一个被社会抛弃的人,作为一个严 厉清教惩罚下的牺牲品,得到了巨大的同情 。她的美丽、勇气、反叛以及她作为一位母 亲所具有的美德都值得强调。The embodiment of feminist consciousness on “Hester”oHester , the heroine in this book was repeatedly subjected to torture by being put into the prison , exposed to public and worn th
8、e scarlet letter. Spontaneously(自发地，自然地), her consciousness of resistance was produced. So Hester performed very bravely when she faced to the humiliation.o海斯特,小说的主角,展现了她所处的社会边 缘的女性形象,霍桑通过她呈现了女性受压 迫的过程。海斯特与罗杰齐林沃斯的婚姻是 无爱的，因此，她是婚姻的牺牲品。而她与 牧师丁梅斯代尔的越轨爱情又使她在感受到 真爱的同时背负了通奸的罪名，在受过刑罚 后又彻底地被社会抛弃。 o但是,海斯特是个充满
9、个性的女人。尽管她 清楚地知道通奸罪有什么样的惩罚,但她有 勇气去触犯这严厉的清教法规。 o她通过自身痛苦的经历意识到妇女在社会中 的地位是不公平的。 o因此，她要通过自己的行为去改变这一事实 ，唤起女性的自我意识o通过她救助丁梅斯代尔摆脱他的自虐时,她 展现出来巨大的勇气去表达她对丁梅斯代尔 的深深的爱；她保护女儿珍珠时的坚决体现 出母性的光辉；她用绝妙的技艺装饰代表耻 辱的字母“A”，是在是用她的手工艺来做为 反抗的武器，通过美化字母“A”来否定它的 社会意义；她献身于慈善事业,为穷人缝制 衣服,照料病人,用善行将她的“通奸”标志转 变成了“能干”(Able)甚至“天使”(An-gel)。
10、 这些行为都源自于她的女权主义态度。 The Reasons Why He Wrote This Kind of Works oFirstly, when he was young, he father was died. He knew that his mother was very hard for living, so he was very sympathy with women. o在霍桑年仅四岁的时候,他的父亲在一次航 海中不幸遇难,丢下了他28岁的妻子和三个 孩子。霍桑很同情妈妈,这也是他在红字 中高度赞扬母爱的原因。他妈妈的生活环 境让他开始思考妇女在父系社会中地位,他 发现
11、她们处在社会的边缘地位 oSecondly, because his wife was very kind-hearted, she always supported him. Therefore, he thought that women played a very important role in the mankind. o1842年,霍桑和他的妻子索法亚皮博迪结婚 ,他的妻子是一个很独立的女人,没有她的支 持霍桑就不可能成为一个成功的作家。当霍 桑遇到经济困难时，全家就靠妻子的针线活 过日子。这种和谐的家庭生活促使霍桑去探 究作品的人物形象，爱和母性气质。 oThirdly, wh
12、en the Independent Reform began, he saw many women made many movements for liberations. o独立改革后不久,美国妇女开始发起强劲而 有生机的妇女解放运动。第一次跟男人争夺 平等的政治权利,如选举权。霍桑十分熟悉 一些女权主义者和她们的要求，这对他女性 主义意识的形成产生了很深的影响。ConclusionoHis feminist idea was shown in his appreciation to the character of the heroine, namely the courage facing difficulties, heartfelt dedication(奉献) of love, independent consciousness, independent in men rule the world, and maternal (母亲的，母系的 )qualities. o他的女权主义不仅表现在他对女主人公的品 质的欣赏,即面对困境的勇气,发自内心的执 着的爱,自立意识,在男性统治世界中的独立, 以及母性的特质。
