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1、目 录 III 学 号:学 号: 0506021305060213 文文 摘:摘: 船舶工业是海军舰船装备的保障,也是国民经济和国防建设的战略性产业之一,而活塞环则是船舶柴油机燃烧室中的一个关键零件,其性能的好坏直接影响了这些机器的工作效率及工作质量。目前我国仅能生产少量技术含量不高的活塞环材料,一些先进二冲程船用 BW 柴油机,所用的活塞环材料均为国外进口,随着国内船舶行业发展势头的快速进步,船用柴油机的产量也逐年加大,进口成本越来越高,所以开发试制国外企业标准的大功率船用柴油机活塞环材料具有一定的实用价值。 本课题在分析研究国外进口活塞环材料组织与性能的基础上,研制了两种特种铸铁活塞环材料
2、。经分析可知,两种国外进口活塞环材料均为合金铸铁,其中合金灰铸铁活塞环材料的片状石墨较粗、长,基体组织为 98的珠光体、少量铁素体及磷共晶,力学性能中以弹性模量较为突出,达 158 kN/mm2;合金蠕墨铸铁活塞环材料的石墨形态为 95以上的蠕虫状及少量团状,基体组织为珠光体、少量铁素体及磷共晶,力学性能介于国内的灰铸铁材料与球墨铸铁材料之间。 在研制合金灰铸铁材料时,从石墨的形核规律出发,推断出硅的含量在石墨初期形核期间起较大作用,所以通过改变孕育剂(75FeSi)的含量及铸件的壁厚以达到改变石墨形态及分布的目的。经实验证明,孕育剂含量越多,片状石墨的数量越多;铸件壁厚越厚,片状石墨越粗、长
3、。当孕育剂含量为 0.2,铸件壁厚为 30mm 时,石墨呈A 型 4 级,基体为 98的珠光体、少量铁素体及磷共晶。经过 680的退火热处理后,铸件抗拉强度为 375N/mm2,杨氏模量为 126 kN/mm2,抗弯强度为 580 N/mm2,布氏硬度为 224 HBW10/3000。 在研制合金蠕墨铸铁材料时,从蠕虫状石墨的成形原理出发,推断出球化元素稀土及镁对石墨形态起决定性作用,并从蠕虫状石墨的表面形态、石墨的生长方向等,推断出蠕墨铸铁的基体有着强烈形成铁素体的倾向。实验证明,蠕虫状石墨的成形原理,对本实验有显著指导意义。通过选择不同种类及不同含量的蠕化剂来处理铁水,可知试验的三种蠕化剂
4、中以 3蠕化剂效果最佳,在其它工艺条件控制得当的情况下,通过控制 3蠕化剂的含量,即能稳定获得蠕化率 80以上的蠕虫状石墨,基体组织中珠光体含量在 95以上,抗拉强度为 535 N/mm2,抗弯强度为 1020 N/mm2,弹性模量为 143 KN/mm2,硬度达 271 HBW 5/750,达到了研制计划中技术指标的要求, 为大功率柴油机活塞环国产化奠定了一定的基础。 关键词:关键词: 活塞环 灰铸铁 蠕墨铸铁 孕育剂 目 录 IV Abstract: Shipping industry is the main ensurence of navy marine equipment, and
5、also one of the strategic industries of national economy and national defense build. The piston ring is one of the most important accessories in burning room of high-power marine diesel engine, its capability affecting the efficiency and quality of machine directly. At nowadays, our nation can only
6、produce a few low quality piston ring materials. Some piston ring material, which used for two stroke marine diesel engine, is all come from foreign country. Following the quick improvement of our ship industry, the products of marine diesel engine are developing year by year, and the costs are also
7、 increasing correspondly. So impolder the piston ring material of marine diesel engine has some practical meanings. On the base of tested the capability of piston ring material which from foreign country, author try to produce two different cast iron materials. After testing, author knows the materi
8、al of theses foreign piston rings are all alloy cast iron. The material of RM5 piston ring is alloy gray cast iron, graphite is wider and longer, the structure is 98% pearlite, little ferrite and phosphide eutectic, the Youngs modulus is high, and reach 158 kN/mm2; the material of RVK-C piston ring
9、is alloy vermicular cast iron, the shape of graphite is worm and agglomerate, the structure is 98% pearlite, little ferrite and phosphide eutectic, and the mechanice capability is between gray cast iron material and spherodial graphite cast iron. When trying to produce alloy gray cast iron material,
10、 from the law of form graphite nuclear, we can deduce that the contents of silicon have rather big effections in the early time of form graphite nuclear, so through change the gestation contents and the thickness of casting form, we can change the form and length of graphite. And the following tests
11、 proved that law of form graphite do same guidings of this object. Comparatively, the more contents of gestation, the more amounts of graphites; the more thickness of casting form, the more width and length of piece graphite. Though testing, when gestation contents is 0.2%, the thickness of casting
12、form is 30mm, the form of graphite is IA 4, the structure is 98% pearlite, little ferrite and phosphide。Through 680 anneal heat treatment, Rm is 375N/mm2, E is 126 kN/mm2,bb is 580N/mm2,rigidity is 224 HBW 10/3000. When trying to produce alloy vermicular cast iron material, from law of form vermicul
13、ar graphite, we may deduce that the element of forming spheroidal graphite is the key to deside the shape of graphite. And because of the rough surface of graphite, the structure of vermicular cast iron may form ferrite easily. And the following tests proved that, the law of form verimicular has som
14、e guiding meanings to the tests. Through chooseing different vermicularizing alloy and different contens to treat molten iron water, we find 3# 目 录 V vermicularizing alloy is the best. After control the other conditions properly, through control alloy element and contents of 3# vermicularizing alloy
15、, we may get the contens of vermicular grahite 80% upwards, Rm is 535 N/mm2,bb is 1020 N/mm2,E is 143 KN/mm2,rigidity is 271 HBW 5/750. Key words: profit-loss of enterprise cost control target cost ERP delivery time 目 录 I 江苏科技大学学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明江苏科技大学学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明 原创性声明原创性声明 本人郑重声明: 所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导
16、师的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品或成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 论文作者签名:哈胜男 日期:2008 年 3 月 16 日 学位论文使用授权说明学位论文使用授权说明 本人完全了解江苏科技大学关于收集、保存、使用学位论文的规定,即: 按照学校要求提交学位论文的印刷本和电子版本; 学校有权保存学位论文的印刷本和电子版,并提供目录检索与阅览服务; 学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文; 在不以赢利为目的的前提下,学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。 (保密论文在解密后遵守此规定) 论文作者签名:哈胜男 导师签名:谢春生 日期:2008 年 3 月 16 日 第一章 绪 论 1 第一章 绪 论 1.1 引言 船舶工业是资金、技术、劳动三密集型产业,不但为水运交通、能源运输和海洋开发提供