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1、1 摘 要 个体公益参与有利于缓和社会矛盾，也是实现个体全面发展的重要方式。因此， 无论从广度上还是从深度上都有进一步研究的必要。目前，学界对此研究以实证研 究为主，而缺乏整体性研究。 个体公益参与是个体无偿或低偿地让渡某种劳动或劳动产品，并对社会产生积 极效应的行为。个体公益参与是个体的一种新型的实践存在方式，个体公益意识的 产生是其走向成熟的标志。这种行为本身反映一定公益理念和文化特征，也是人类 道德行为的典范，遵循制度性、志愿性和公益性三原则。 个体公益参与的基本模式表现为个体、个体的劳动、受益者三者之间一个互动 的过程，同时又受一定环境制约。作为主体的个体是一定劳动或劳动产品的所有者，
2、 其目的性即价值追求表现在对客体的选择上，因此作为客体的受益者成为个体价值 追求的价值源，而个体的劳动（或劳动产品）成为个体和受益者联系的中介。作为 中介的个体的劳动具有二重属性，作为具体劳动是主体选择客体的根据，作为一般 劳动是公益精神产生的根据。公益精神虽然与这个一般劳动的量相关，但这种相关 不能用市场中的价值标准来衡量。主体和客体之间表现为一个“强者”对“弱者” 的矛盾，在更深层次上，这是私益和公益之间存在分裂的结果。 个体公益参与中主体为客体创造全面发展的前提，其本身也是主体全面发展的 一种形式。它不仅丰富了人们之间关系的内容，而且生产着公益精神，这种精神为 个体全面发展提供精神动力。
3、个体可在公益参与中体验人性的善和美，因此，个体 公益参与形成的人际关系更多地体现了社会和谐的一面，是构建和谐社会的重要途 径。 个体对公益的“无作为”反映了公益精神的缺失，因此首先要在市场之外培育 公益精神。同时，加强制度化建设防止私益人侵吞公益是必要的。公益产品提供市 场化已成为一个趋势，这说明人们实际上认同个体追求私益会导致社会公益最大化 的理论，但应重新审视这一理论。社会评价客观化是塑造公益精神的重要手段，但 其实现主要有两个难题。其一，判断个体动机的困难；其二，同一个体可以生活在 私益和公益两个不同的域中。所以，建立和完善个体公益参与档案，将有助于人们 获得尽可能多的评价依据，从而使评
4、价更客观。 关键词：关键词：个体公益参与 个体公益参与模式 个体全面发展 2 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The individual commonweal participance does good to relieving social contradiction, and it is also an important way to realize the individual comprehensive development. Therefore, it is necessary to study it further whatever in width or in dep
5、th. At present, academias study is positive, lacking entirety. The individual commonweal participance is that the individual voluntarily provides some labor or products to others, which creates positive influence in society. Individual participance into commonweal is a new mode about individual prac
6、tical existence, and the individual commonweal consciousness is a symbol of its maturity. This behavior itself reflects a certain commonweal thought and some cultural traitors, and it is also an example set to us, which follows the principle of systemization, voluntarization and commonwealization. T
7、he general mode of individual commonweal participance exhibits a process of dynamic interaction among its three elements, and is restricted to certain conditions. Individual as subject is the owner of a certain amount of labor(or products) and its intention namely the pursuit for some values is embo
8、died in the choice to object. So the object is the source of values subject pursues，and the individual labor becomes the medium of the relation between the subject and the object. The individual labor has two attributes. One of them as a concrete labor is the basis on which the subject chooses its o
9、pposite, and the other as an abstract labor is the basis of the commonweal spirit. Although the commonweal spirit is related to the quantity of this abstract labor, the relation between them cant be measured by the standards applied in the market. There is a contradiction namely “the strong vs the w
10、eak” which in a deeper layer is the consequence of the split between the private 3 benefits and the common benefits. In the individual participance into commonweal, the subject creates the precondition for the object, and the behavior itself is also a way of the subjects development. It not only enr
11、iches the content of the relation between individuals, but also has been producing the commonweal spirit which provides the spiritual propulsion for the individuals comprehensive development. During the process the individuals can experience the human goodness and beauty. So the relation between the
12、 individuals participating into commonweal mainly reflects the harmonious aspects of society, and the process is an important way of establishing the harmonious society. Individual inaction to commonweal reflects the lack of commonweal spirit, so firstly we must cultivate commonweal spirit mainly ou
13、tside the market. Meanwhile, it is necessary to consolidate the systemization construction to prohibit the “private benefit pursuer” from devouring the commonweal. The marketization of the provision of commonweal products has been a trend, which shows that people agree with a theory which thinks in
14、reality individual pursuit for private benefits will finally contribute to the maximization of commonweal. However, we must rethink this theory. Impersonality about the social critic is an important way to shape commonweal spirit, but its realization is faced to two difficulties. Firstly, it is unea
15、sy to reason the individual motive; secondly, the same individual may exist in two different fields, one for private benefits and one for commonweal. Therefore, the establishment and perfection about the files of the individual commonweal participance will help people obtain as more material as poss
16、ible which the critics impersonality depends on. KEY WORDS:KEY WORDS: the individual commonweal participance, the individual commonweal participance mode, individual comprehensive development, 上海交通大学 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式表明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名：李朋来 日期： 2007 年 2 月 2 日 上海交通大学 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权上海交通大学可以将本学位论
