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1、 摘 要 医学图像三维重建是通过计算机图形学、数字图像处理技术、计算机可视化以及人机交互等技术，把二维的医学图像序列转换为三维图像在屏幕上显示出来，并根据需要为用户提供交互处理手段的理论、方法和技术。图像分割是进行图像三维重建的必要准备，图像分割效果的优劣直接影响三维重建在医学领域的应用。医学图像分割和三维重建将数字图像处理技术和计算机图形学应用在了在生物医学工程中，该应用涉及到计算机图形学、图像处理技术、生物医学工程等多种技术，该领域的研究多学科交叉的，在医学诊断、手术规划及医学教学等方面有很高的应用价值，是近年来的计算机应用技术的一个研究热点。 医学图像分割与三维重建是两个不可分割的相关领
2、域。本文研究了基于区域的图像分割和基于边缘的两种图像分割方法在医学图像处理中的应用，并在实验中利用 ITK 提供的区域生长法成功分割出肝脏、脊柱和肺脏等人体组织器官；三维重建算法分为两类：面绘制和直接体绘制。面绘制从三维体数据中抽取目标对象等值面，通过传统的图形学方法进行渲染；体绘制技术则将整个体数据进行可视化显示，使医生可以通过设置适当的参数调节后观察医学数据的三维内部结构信息。本文研究了光线投射体绘制算法、错切变形法和基于纹理映射的体绘制算法，以及 Marching Cubes 面绘制算法的实现机制和适用范围，并利用 VTK 提供的三维重建算法对不同人体部位的组织和器官实现了重建实验。 本
3、文主要研究了医学图像分割与三维重建技术的应用。在对医学图像分割和三维重建基础理论以及三维重建相关的三维切割技术进行研究和实验的基础上，结合医学图像分割开发工具包 ITK（Insight ToolKit）和可视化开发包 VTK(Vislual ToolKit)，以及 ActiveX 开发技术，设计了一个医学图像三维重建 VolumeRenderX控件并通过 MFC 编程实现。这是一个面向对象、可扩展的跨 IDE（Intergreted Development Enviroment）开发平台的开发控件，并针对实际应用需求整合了重建参数调节和重建体剖切等多种实用功能，相对于传统的医学图像处理与三维重
4、建系统具有更大的应用价值。 本文还提出了一个基于 WEB 模式的医学图像三维重建的解决方案。 关键词：关键词：医学图像，图像分割，三维重建，体绘制ABSTRACT 3D-reconstruction of medical image is a technology of converting medical image data to graphics or other images and showing it by computer graphics, image processing, computer vision and human-computer interaction tech
5、nology. Image segment is a pre- technology of medical image 3D-reconstruction, and the merit of image segment impacts the application value of 3D-reconstruction of medical images. Medical image processing and 3D-reconstruction are important applications of digital image processing technology and com
6、puter graphics in Biomedical Engineering. The research involves computer graphics, digital image processing, biomedical engineering and other technology, is more than one interdisciplinary area of research, and there are a wide range of applications in medical diagnosis, surgical planning and medica
7、l education, etc. In practical applications, medical image segmentation and 3D-reconstruction are inseparable related fields. In this paper, application of region-based image segment and edge-based image segment in field of medical images is researched, and in my experiments, the liver, spine and lu
8、ngs and other body tissues and human organs are successfully segmented by algorithm of region-growthing. The 3D-reconstruction algorithm is divided into two categories: surface rendering and volume rendering. Surface rendering extract isosurface from volume data, and then render it by traditional re
9、nder method. Volume rendering visualized every pixel in the whole volume data, this method make doctors could observe the internal structure by adjusting the parameters of volume rendering algorithm. The realization mechanism and application scope of ray- casting, texture-mapper and marching cubes a
10、lgorithm are researched in this paper, and 3D-reconstrucition experiments is successfully made by these algorithms provided by VTK. In this paper, the research is mainly focus on the application of medical image segment and 3D-reconstruction. Based on the theoretically reseaches and experiments of i
11、mage segment and 3D-reconstruction, and the cut algorithm of volume data, a medical image 3D-reconstruction control of VolumeRenderX is proposed by the combination of ITK, VTK and ActiveX, and programmed by MFC. This is a cross-IDE, scalable and object oriented development control, which is integrat
12、ed pratical functions of adjusting parameters, volume cutting, and has greater value compared with traditional medical image processing and 3D-reconstruction system. The paper also proposed and implemented a WEB-based 3D-reconstruction of medical image. Keywords: Medical Image, Image Segment, 3D-Reconstruction, Volume Rendering目目 录录 摘摘 要要.I ABSTRACT .II 第一章第一章 引言引言. 1 1.1 课题背景及研究意义. 1 1.2 国内外现状研究. 2 1.2.1 医学图像预处理. 2 1.2.2 医学图像分割. 3 1.2.3 医学图像三维可视化技术. 4 1.3 论文研究内容及创新点. 8 1.4 论文的章节安排. 9 第二章第二章 医学图像分割与预处理医学图像分割与预处理. 10 2.1 医学图像 DICOM 标准. 10 2.2 DICOM 格式医学图像解析.11 2
