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1、英文写作专题How to write a sentenceHow to write a paragraph How to write an essayHow to write a sentence基本句型及其转换与扩大o主语的结构形式比较划一，它通常是个 名词词组即“（限定词）+（潜质修饰语 ）+名词+（后置修饰语）”的结构，而谓 语的结构形式比较多样化，这种结构形 式的多样性决定于不同类型的谓语动词 的特征。谓语的几种不同结构，同时也 决定着不同的分句类型，即基本句型。基本句型及其转换与扩大o1.主-动-表oThe man is a teacher.oHe looks fine. oDinn
2、er is at six oclock.oNora is 20.oThe tape-recorder is on the table. 基本句型及其转换与扩大o2.主-动oWe laughed.oIron rusts.o3.主-动-宾oI like English.oChris won the game.基本句型及其转换与扩大o4.主-动-宾-宾oI sent him a telegram.oMary lent me her car. o5.主-动-宾-补oWe made him our spokesman. oThey elected him president.基本句型及其转换与扩大o6.
3、主-动-状 oI live in Beijing.oThey stayed in a hotel.o7.主-动-宾-状oShe speaks English fluently.oHe treated her badly. How to write a paragraphHow to write a paragraph(1)o 首先确立能凝炼段落中心内容的主题 句。然后列出二个以上能说明、支持或 扩展主题的扩展句的提纲点、致力点， 进而确立段落框架。最后填充框架，既 将提纲点/致力点扩展成句。并采用恰当 关联词从而使段落框架有血有肉，最终 扩展成段落。典型段落o Opportunities do
4、 not come often (TS 主题句).They come every once in a while(DS1-扩展句1). Very often, they come quietly and go by without being noticed (DS2-扩展句2). Therefore, it is advisable that you should value and treat them with care. (CS-结尾句).段落框架分析o1. Opportunities do not come often (TS-主 题句).o2. come occasionally
5、(扩展句提纲点1)o3. come and go quietly (扩展句提纲点2)o4. value and treat them with care (结尾句)典型练习oExercise: Please write a paragraph on the topic of Diligence.参考例文o Diligence is the key to success. It means persistent work and does not mean that we are to exert ourselves all day and night without rest, without
6、 food and without sleep. The true meaning of diligence is the careful use of time for the purpose of improvement, or to work persistently without any waste of time. Diligence is important to everybody.How to write a paragraph (2)o段落既然是由一组相关的共同表达一个中心的若干 句子组成，尤其写作原则要求它必须具有一致性和 连贯性。o段落的一致性：在一个段落中集中表达一个
7、主要思 想的特征被称作段落的统一性和一致性。段落的一 致性要求一个段落只能阐述一个主题思想。换言之 ，一个段落中，作者只能讨论一个话题或者某一个 话题的一个方面。换主题或讨论、阐述问题另一方 面时，必须另起一段。段落的一致性主要在于段落 主题句或扩展句在意义上的统一，即段落内部的内 在统一。段落的一致性要求段落中所有的内容都必 须与段落主题思想有关，段内各句都必须支持、发 展或服务于段落的中心思想。典型例文o The party at Miss Whites flat was a failure. She hadnt bought enough food and beverage. The g
8、uests soon ran out of drink and finished whatever dishes on the table. To make things worse, most of the guests were strangers to each other and stood awkwardly in groups, holding their empty glasses and wondering what to say. The worst of the party is that even the only TV set in the room went blac
9、k, and Miss White had to spend the whole time making apologies. So in the end, the only thing left to do was to go home, and all the guests left early so as to escape from the awkward situation.How to write an essayHow to write an essayo四级作文要求：o要求学生写出一篇120左右的短文。试卷 上可给出段首句要求书写，或要求看图 作文，或给出关键词，要求写成短文。
10、o命题式样：提纲式作文、图表式作文、应用文命题式样I 提纲式作文II图表式作文III应用文事实对比型 说明利弊型 解决方法型 阐述主题型I. 提纲式作文解析：o根据给出的提纲写作文，提纲分英语和汉语两 种。一般来说，给几个提纲，就写几段作文， 而且每个提纲可以理解为本段的中心思想，即 主题。可以将每个提纲作为每一段的主题句， 通过举例子，分类和因果分析的方法进行扩展 ，同时要注意段落与段落之间的连贯和衔接。o提纲式作文分类：o1.事实对比型; 2.说明利弊型;o3.解决方法型; 4.阐述主题型1.事实对比型o题型特点：o提纲中给出某一事物的优缺点，要求考生进行 比较，然后下结论，最后阐述自己的
11、缺点。o典型例题：o1998.06 Do lucky numbers really bring good luck?o2000.06 Is a test of spoken English necessary?oMelissa 建议：o对某一事物的优缺点进行比较时中间应用一些 表示转折关系的词语，如however, on the one hand , in contrast, on the contrary, etc. 参考写作模版oSome people tend to think that观点一。They point out that 理由一。Additionally, 理由二。（A ca
12、se in point is 举例。）Therefore,小结。oOn the contrary, other people hold the view that 观点 二。They argue that 理由一。Whats more, 理由二 。（As an illustration,举例。）Accordingly, 小结。oAs far as I am concerned, I think 我的观点。The reason is that 理由一。 And also,理由二。So,总结自 己的观点。 2.说明利弊型o题型特点：o提纲中给出的两种观点一般都有可取之 处，但都有点极端。oMeli
13、ssa建议：o保留两种观点可取之处，形成一种新观 点，并解释支持这种观点的理由。参考写作模版oWhenever we hear people say that 主题， well instantly have the idea that it is a good/bad thing for某人 . Indeed, 主题 there are many advantages to 某人 . We can take 例子 as an example. It will benefit 好处一. In addition,好处二 .oIn the meantime, we must realize thos
14、e disadvantages of 主题。First of all 坏处一。 Second, 坏处二。oTo sum up the above arguments, I think a proper attitude towards 主题 is that 我的观点。 3.解决方法型o题型特点：o利用对已给出的材料作出自己的分析， 论述其原因，然后提出自己的看法或对 象。o典型例题：o2001.01 How to succeed in a Job Interview?o2000.01 How I Finance My College Education?参考写作模版o Nowadays, we
15、 have to face a problem that 问题。（ Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem 问题。/It is important for us to问题。） For instance例一。Moreover, 例二。oPeople have figured out many ways to solve the problem. (Confronted with 问题， we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the
16、situation.) Firstly, 解决方法一。Secondly, 解决方法二。oPersonally, I believe that 我的观点。（To me, I am taking two ways to solve the problem of 问题。）One of them is 方法一。The other is 方法二。By now ways have been working perfectly and efficiently.4.阐述主题型o题型特点：这类命题作为一般属于“概念 型”议论文，要求考生以例证为手段论证 某概念（如成语、格言、谚语、术语等 ）所蕴含的道理。概念型议论文开篇必 须就所设定的概念（如格言、成语等） 做出解释，紧接其后为主体段（body） ，要求对开篇进行演艺，或平行称述对 立的观点，或以实例证明主题。 o经典例题：o1998.01 Harmfulness o
