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1、 英语四级笔译 长难句翻译范例ContentsSection 1: Language Analysis of Unit 3 Snowbirds Section 2: Translation Process of English Long Sentences Section 3: Translation Methods of English Long Sentences Section 4: Translation of the Text Section 5: Homework Section 1: Language Analysis of Unit 3 SnowbirdsAnybody who
2、 drives in Arizona at this time of year will be familiar with annual migration of “snowbirds” retired people seeking to escape the sub -zero temperatures of the north for the warmer desert winter. As many as 300,000 snowbirds flock here each year, so if you havent seen them before, theres a good cha
3、nce that you will encounter one of them when you find yourself stuck behind a caravan with Nebraska license plates doing 40mph on a single-lane highway.形合与意合由于英语具有形合的特点，汉语 具有意合的特点，因此英语语篇中常 常存在许多结构复杂的长句，而汉语 语篇中句子却往往简洁短小。英汉两 种语言形合与意合的不同特点，对于 翻译的指导意义在于：进行英汉翻译 时，应首先分析句子的表层结构、逻 辑关系，进而确定句子的功能意义； 进行汉英翻译时，应
4、首先分析句子的 功能意义，然后组织句子的结构，采 用不同的语言形式。Section 2: Translation Process of English Long Sentences翻译过程： 1.分析英语原句的基本结构，找出句子 主干。 2.弄清句子主要成分与修饰成分之间的 关系，分析句子的逻辑关系。 3.汉语表达通顺、达意。Section 3: Translation Methods of English Long Sentences 一、顺译法 汉语的表达习惯是多用小句子， 多用较短的前置修饰语， 词语相对 稳定并通常按时间顺序或逻辑顺序来 安排词语和句子的先后位置。因此， 在翻译英语长句
5、时通常可采用“断句” 和“变序”的方法。如果原文所叙述的 一连串动作基本上按动作发生的时间 先后安排或原句的内容按逻辑关系安 排时，翻译时则可按照原文顺序译出 。 Four scores and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. 87年前， 我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创 立了一个新的国家， 它以自由为立国之本
6、， 奉行所有人生来平等的原则。二、倒译法 倒译法是指颠倒英语长句的语序， 将 句子成分的前部分放到译文的后部， 或将 后面部分放到译文前面。这样易会更加符 合汉语习惯。 A student of mathematics must become familiar with and fix in mind the signs and symbols, the definitions and technical terms in mathematics, in order that he may be able to have the foundation of the mathematical s
7、ubject and master it well for further study. 为了能打下数学基础， 掌握好数学， 以便进一步学习深造， 一个学数学的人必 须熟悉并牢记数学中所用的记号、符号、 定义和术语。三、分译法 分译法是翻译长句时常用的方法。 所谓“分译”， 就是将长句的某些成分从句 子主干中拆开， 另作处理。运用分译法可 以使疑问层次清楚、简洁明确。当原句中 的从句或修饰语与主句间的关系不十分密 切时， 可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯把从 句或短语化为句子， 分开叙述。 Manufacturing process may be classified as unit product
8、ion with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 制造过程可分为单件生产和批量生产。单 件生产指少量的生产，批量生产指大量 相同零件的生产。四、重新组合法 所谓“重新组合”， 就是脱离原句的层 次和结构的安排， 按汉语叙事论理的习惯 重新组合成句。运用重新组合法来翻译可 以摆脱原文语序和句子形式的约束， 使译 文自然、流畅， 更加符合汉语的表达习惯 。当原句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同 时， 则可打破原文词序和结构， 按照时
9、 间顺序和逻辑顺序重组句子。这是长句翻 译中较难掌握的一种方法， 需要有较好的 母语和外语驾驭能力 。 It is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes to a feeling of well- being whether or not exercise adds to the length of life. 不管运动是否能延年益寿, 但一定量的运 动可以增进健康并使人精神愉快, 这一点 却是人们共有的体验。Section 4: Trans
10、lation of the Text 1. Anybody who drives in Arizona at this time of year will be familiar with annual migration of “snowbirds” retired people seeking to escape the sub -zero temperatures of the north for the warmer desert winter. 每年这个时候，只要是在亚利桑那州开车 ，人们都会看到熟悉的一幕：一年一度的“ 雪鸟”迁徙。所谓“雪鸟”，就是一些退休族 。他们设法躲避北方的
11、零下气温，开车到 暖和一些的沙漠地方过冬。 2. As many as 300,000 snowbirds flock here each year, so if you havent seen them before, theres a good chance that you will encounter one of them when you find yourself stuck behind a caravan with Nebraska license plates doing 40mph on a single-lane highway. 每年聚集到这里的“雪鸟”多达30万。所
12、以，你以 前要是没有见过他们，当你前面出现一辆拖车 式房车，挂着内布拉斯加州的车牌，在单车道 的高速公路上以40英里的时速挡着你的道，这 很可能就是一个“雪鸟”。 Section 5: Homework Translate the following long sentences into Chinese. 1. Since the molecules of a gas are much too far from each other to repel or attract each other, it is very easy to compress a gas, while a solid
13、 or liquid is almost incompressible, because the repulsion of the electric charges of which its atoms are made up are far stronger than any force we can apply. 2In reality, the lines of division between sciences are becoming blurred, and science again approaching the “unity” that it had two centurie
14、s ago-although the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it. 3. My mother died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass away. 4. What the New Yorker would find missing is what many outsiders find oppressive and distasteful about New York-its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracing competitiveness; the rigor of its judgment; and the congested, democratic presence of so many other New Yorkers encased in their own world.
