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1、(对应学生用书P28)并列句和复合句一、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的独立分句并列在一起构成。其基本结构为：分句并列连词分句。并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。从语法上讲，所谓“并列”、“对等”是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思，谁也不从属于谁。尽管如此，这些主谓结构在意思或逻辑上有一定程度的内在联系。否则，它们就可能被分别写成简单句，而没有必要写在一起构成并列句了。在并列句中，要使两个或几个主谓结构(或者说分句)连接在一起，就要用并列连词。并列连词用来连接平行对等(即互不从属)的分句。在并列句中，除了使用并列连词外，还可使用并列连词词组或连接副词来
2、连接分句。有时甚至不用并列连词，只用逗号、分号、冒号等把分句隔开。常用的并列连词有：and，but，or，for，so，neither，nor等；并列连词词组有：either.or，neither.nor，both.and，as well as，not only.but also等；连接副词有：besides，furthermore，moreover等。1表示联合关系常用and，neither.nor，not only.but(also)等连词。如：There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.后半夜来了一场暴风雨，
3、大雨倾盆而下。Pip is not only a character；he also tells the story of Great Expectations.皮普不仅是一个小说人物，他还讲述远大前程的故事。I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.我既不会创作歌曲也不会弹吉他。Not only did he speak correctly，but he spoke easily.他不仅讲得对，也讲得轻松。2表示选择关系主要由连词or(或者；否则)，either.or.(要么要么)，neither.nor.(既不也不)，otherwise(要
4、不然)等连词连接，前后两个分句为选择关系。如：Either you didnt understand this problem，or you were not careful enough. 要么你不懂这个问题，要么你不够细心。Seize the chance，otherwise you will regret it.要抓住机会，否则你会后悔的。Neither does he smoke，nor does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。3表示转折关系多用连词but，yet，however，nevertheless，while，whereas连接两个分句，前后两个分句在语意上为转折关系。
5、如：I have failed，yet I shall try again.我失败了，但我还要尝试。He must be over sixty，whereas his wife looks about thirty.他一定有60多岁了，而他妻子看起来大约30岁。John has his shortcomings；however，that doesnt mean he is not qualified for the job.约翰有缺点，但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作。4表示因果关系多用连词for，so，therefore连接，前后两句为因果关系。如：He must have been in a
6、hurry，for it was getting dark.天色不早了，他一定很匆忙。He told me to do it，so I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。It was raining，therefore we had to stay at home.天下着雨，我们只好待在家里。5表示条件或结果常用and，or等连词。在这类并列句中，and意为“(只要)就”，or意为“否则”。如：Simply raise your hand，and a taxi appears in no time.只要你招招手，出租车就会立刻过来。Dont drive too fast or yo
7、ull have an accident.别开得太快，不然会出车祸。一句多译：快点，否则你就会迟到。Hurry up，or you will be late.Hurry up，or else you will be late.Hurry up，otherwise you will be late.If you dont hurry up，you will be late.You will be late unless you hurry up.6表示递进关系常用besides，furthermore，moreover等连接副词。如：Television is entertaining；besi
8、des/furthermore/moreover，it is instructive.电视给人们提供娱乐，而且还有教育性。二、复合句1主语从句：在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。如：When we should start is still a question.2表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的句子，它位于主句中的系动词之后。如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday.3宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。如：They believe that the computer will finally take the plac
9、e of human beings.4同位语从句：在句子中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。如：The news that our team won is exciting.5定语从句：在复合句中作定语用来修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：This is the missing boy(that/who/whom)we have been looking for these days.6状语从句：在复合句中作状语，其位置可以在主句前或主句后。时间状语从句通常由when，as，while，after，before，since，as soon as，since，till(until)，whi
10、le，whenever等引导。如：When you finish the work，you may go out to play with Sam.地点状语从句通常由where，wherever等引导。如：I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be.原因状语从句通常由because，since，as等引导。目的状语从句通常由so that.，so.that.，in order that.等引导。结果状语从句通常由so that.，so.that.等引导，放在句尾。比较状语从句通常
11、由as，than，as(so).as等引导。让步状语从句通常由though(although)，as，even if(even though)，however，whatever等引导。条件状语从句通常由if，unless，as long as等引导。一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句1We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.答案：简单句2The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.答案：复合句3There is a chair in this room，isnt there?答
12、案：简单句4My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.答案：简单句5He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.答案：并列句6He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.答案：复合句7Not only did he teach school，but he wrote novels.答案：并列句8What he said at the me
13、eting is very important，isnt it?答案：复合句9The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.答案：简单句10Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.答案：简单句二、判断下列句子中有无错误；若有，请指出并改正1He is fat，and his brother is thin.答案：andbut或while2He doesnt like learning maths，so do I.答案：soneither/nor3Either you do it，or I ask some
14、body else to do it.答案：4Not only he sings well，but also he dances well.答案：not only放在句首时要用部分倒装，因此应改为：Not only does he sing well，but also he dances well.5Neither has he changed his mind，nor will he do so.答案：三、根据句子意思，用正确的连词填空1He was hungry，_he would not eat.答案：but2_ are you funny，_ you are witty.答案：Not
15、only；but also3The first was not good，_ was the second.答案：neither4Hurry up，_ youll miss the train.答案：or5I had a headache，_ I went to bed early.答案：so6I must work much harder，_ I cannot catch up with the other classmates.答案：otherwise7It is very good，_ it can be better.答案：yet8Some experiments are difficult _ others are easy.答案：while
