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1、第十讲 英语学习中的母语干扰一、母语干扰的类型v词汇v惯用短语v句子v语篇 二、母语干扰的原因及对策 词汇层面的母语干扰v定义：主要指不能正确地选词。vEg . I should work much harder,otherwise,I would be backward.v 此落后应改为“lag behind ” 或” fall behind ”vEg . 一位杰出的政治家an outstanding politician指求名利、不择手段往上爬的“政客”（贬 ）an outstanding statesman（褒）vEg. 大海捞针 look for a needle in the sea
2、look for a needle in the hay-stackvEg . 睡得像头死猪sleep like a dead pigsleep like a logvEg. Wait the bus ; arrive Shanghai for、at/in 惯用短语层面的母语干扰vA. 生搬硬套汉语习惯，逐词翻译vEg. 不管不怎么说 No matter how to say anyway vEg. 混在人群中Mix in the crowd mingle with crowdvEg. 你今晚可以住在我家里。You can live at my home tonight.You can sta
3、y at home tonight.vB. 误用相似英文短语Eg. 吸取教训 learn from sb learn a lesson from sb / teach sb a lesson Eg . It took me a few minutes to make out what happened. find out / figure out 句子层面的母语干扰v 定义：受汉语思维方式的影响，无语法错误 ，不规范的句子。 Eg. I didnt know the final examination had fallen.The final examination came before I
4、 realize it.Eg. To someone, success means they can have a family, and his families are healthy and all of them can live harmoniously. To someone, success means they can have healthy families who live harmoniously. Eg. In my opinion, making my parents happy, study my work better is what success means
5、. In my opinion, making my parents happy and studying my work better is what success means. 语篇层面的母语干扰(1) With the development of science and technology，peoples living conditions have been greatly improved and computers grow more and more popular. Many people spend a lot of time surfing the Internet
6、every day, so it plays an important part in our daily life. But some people think that the Internet does more harm than good to us and some hold that the Internet does more good than harm to us. Than do advantages of the Internet outweigh the disadvantages? In my opinion, the advantages of the Inter
7、net outweigh the disadvantages.v(2)The Internet is now playing a very important part in our daily lifeBut like many other things，it has both advantages and disadvantagesAs far as Im concerned, the former outweighs the latter.v 可以看出，相对于例(2)，例(1)的开篇没有 明确的观点和论据，没有直接回答所提出的 问题，是典型的螺旋思维的真实写照，不符 合西方人的开门见山直
8、线式思维的习惯。所 以，例(1)尽管是用英文写成的文章，也符合 英语的语法规范，但在语篇结构上却是典型 的中式英语。二 、母语干扰的原因及对策v （一）、母语干扰的原因v A. 施动与受动Eg. The ability of reading, Ithink I can be the first . I think I can be the first in my class as far as the ability of reading is considered.Eg. The book is printing.= being printedEg. The plan is working
9、out.= being worked outv主语施动，用主动语态；主语受动，用被动语 态。vB. 非生物与生物Eg. 我们没有听到任何声音。Not a sound reached our ears.Eg. 她独处时便感到一种特殊的安宁。A strange peace came over her when she was alone.Eg. 1959年，世界上首次出现了一艘真正会飞的船。The year 1959 saw the first appearance of a real flying ship in the world.vC. 及物与非及物 Eg.She served for th
10、e players.She served the players.v英语动词有的表示状态，有的表示动作。 Eg. I knew him when I was working on the farm.I made his acquaintance when I was working on the farm.v borrow / keep；leavebe away ；open sth.keep sth. open vD. 时态Eg. 本人在昨天以前还没有收到你的来信. I had not received your letter till yesterday.I hadnt received y
11、our letter yesterday.v 言下之意,现在收没收到不知道. vE. 谓语与动词 Eg. _(receive) a reply , he decidedto write again.Not having receive;Eg. The girl was so lazy that she always had her clothes to be washed. (W)The girl was so lazy that she always had her clothes to be washed. (R) 词语知识vBone of the bone and flesh of the fleshas close as flesh and blood ; to be inseperately linked to each other.v Adams apple vSell ones birthright for a mess of pottagesto exchange sth of lasting value for sth that is of value for a short time only;to suffer a big loss for a little gain.Thank you !
