《心理学Psycholog英文版PPT(03-行为的天性与教养)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《心理学Psycholog英文版PPT(03-行为的天性与教养)（23页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Myers PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 3 Nature, Nurture and Human Diversity中英文日报导航站 Genes: Our Biological Blueprint Chromosomes threadlike structures made of DNA that contain the genes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes has two strands-fo
2、rming a “double helix”-held together by bonds between pairs of nucleotides中英文日报导航站 Genes: Our Biological Blueprint Genes biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein Genome the complete instructions for making an organism consisting of
3、 all the genetic material in its chromosomes中英文日报导航站 Genes: Their Location and CompositionNucleusChromosomeGeneCellDNA中英文日报导航站 Evolutionary Psychology Natural Selection the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most
4、 likely be passed on to succeeding generations Mutations random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of nucleotides the source of all genetic diversity 中英文日报导航站 Evolutionary Psychology Evolutionary Psychology the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using the
5、principles of natural selection Gender in psychology, the characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define male and female中英文日报导航站 Evolutionary Psychology Men preferred attractive physical features suggesting youth and health Women preferred resources and social s
6、tatus中英文日报导航站 Behavior Genetics Behavior Genetics study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior Environment every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us中英文日报导航站 Behavior Genetics Identical Twins develop from a sin
7、gle fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms Fraternal Twins develop from separate eggs genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share the fetal environmentIdentical twinsFraternal twinsSame sex onlySame or opposite sex中英文日报导航站 Behavior Genetic
8、s Temperament a persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity Heritability the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied 中英文日报导航站 Behavior Genetics Interaction the dependence of the ef
9、fect of one factor (such as environment) on another factor (such as heredity) Molecular Genetics the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes中英文日报导航站 Environmental Influence Two placental arrangements in identical twins中英文日报导航站 Environmental Influence Experience
10、 affects brain developmentImpoverished environmentRat brain cellRat brain cellEnriched environment 中英文日报导航站 Environmental Influence A trained brain中英文日报导航站 Environmental Influence Culture the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from
11、one generation to the next Norm an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior中英文日报导航站 Environmental Influence Personal Space the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies Memes self-replicating ideas, fashions, and innovations passed from person to person中英文日报导航站 The Nature and Nurtu
12、re of Gender X Chromosome the sex chromosome found in both men and women females have two; males have one an X chromosome from each parent produces a female child Y Chromosome the sex chromosome found only in men when paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child 中英文日报导航站 The
13、 Nature and Nurture of Gender Testosterone the most important of the male sex hormones both males and females have it additional testosterone in males stimulates growth of male sex organs in the fetus development of male sex characteristics during puberty Role a set of expectations (norms) about a s
14、ocial position defining how those in the position ought to behave中英文日报导航站 The Nature and Nurture of Gender Gender Role a set of expected behaviors for males and females Gender Identity ones sense of being male or female Gender-typing the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role中英文日报导航站 The Nature and Nurture of Gender Gender and Culture中英文日报导航站 The Nature and Nurture of Gender中英文日报导航站 The Nature and Nurture of Gender Social Learning Theory theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by be
