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1、Word-formationReviewed some words in the text.Verb Noun achievebehaviourobservationspecializeadvertisementbehaveachievementspecialistadvertiseobserveinspireVerb Noun connectorganizeinspirationargumentpermitarguepermissionorganizationconnectionKey for Exercise 1:1. bond 2. nest 3. institute 4. crowd
2、in 5. childhood 6. outspoken 7. move off 8. welfare 9. projectKey for Exercise 3:1. observed 2. worthwhile 3. argue 4. respectUseful structures语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。The boy _ diving.They _ diving. Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walkin
3、g.is are are isareFinish the following exercises:Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.are Both Mike and Bob _ workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _(know) how to teach English.knows/knowAll of them _ workers. None of them _ (know) how to teach English.areknow
4、s/know主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词 作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况： (1) He and I _both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时 候,谓语动词用复数。语法一致原则(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演 。The knife and fork _on
5、 the table. 刀叉在桌子上。isis2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom, who is your friend, should help you.4. with, along w
6、ith, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语 连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。 either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语 的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就
7、近的主语保持一致。就近原则则Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 概念一致原则则所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上 是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情
8、况而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 不定代词all, more, some, any, none 作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。are isNone of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。isis2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词
9、保持一致。Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。 Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强 调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词 有public, family, class, crowd, popu
10、lation, team, group。His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语 动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。 这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。isare 4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形 式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词 应用复数。people指“民
11、族”时是例外。The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单 数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。6. 某
12、些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但 当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词 用单数。如:The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。The shoes are worn out.鞋子破了。7. 某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。 8. every. and every .; each . and ea
13、ch .; no . and no . 在以上短 语 中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语 在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。Each man and each woman is asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。 No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up
14、 and move off. (P2) 考例 Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invited. (陕西 2008) A. were B. have been C. has been D. was点拨 选D。主语是every boy and girl或 every boy and every girl，表示单数概念， 故谓语动词用单数，且是询问昨晚的情况 ，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was。9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用 复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。A number of new b
