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1、 M.Butterfly Madame ButterflyMadame Butterfly Pinkerton (Westerner) Cho一Cho一San， (Esterner) M. ButterflyM. Butterfly Gallimard (Westerner) Song Liling (Esterner)obeycontrolcontrolobeyDeconstruction as a theoryDeconstruction as a theory Logocentrism: Logocentrism: Things are patterned on binary oppos
2、ition, the two opposites of which do not live in harmonious balance but in a hierarchical order and in which one perches in a predominant position, controlling the order. Binary OppositionsBinary Oppositions: For each center, there exists an opposing center. In each of these binary oppositions, one
3、concept is superior and defines itself by its opposite or inferior center. Derrida objects to these hierarchal binaries as the basis for Western metaphysics.OrientalismOrientalismOccidental race and cultureOccidental race and culture(advantages in economy and military, physically, mentally and moral
4、ly superior)Control, rebuild and ruleOriental race and cultureOriental race and culture(inferior, submissive and of lower status)Subordinate toTwo typesTwo types Deconstruction of the binary opposition of East and West in M.ButterflySubordination the resolution of subordinationIngratiation the resol
5、ution of ingratiationSubordination the resolution of subordinationThe first encounterThe first encounterSong Liling and Gallimard have different opinions in the relationship between Westerners and Easterners.“Its one of your favorite fantasies, isnt it? The submissive Oriental woman and the cruel wh
6、ite man. Consider it this way: what would you say if a blonde homecoming queen fell in love with a short Japaness busineseman? but because its an Oriental who kills herself for a Westernerah!you find it beautiful.”Song LilingSong Liling“So much for protecting her in my big western arms.”GallimardGal
7、limard“Hard as I try to be modern, to speak like a man, to hold a Western womans strong face up to my ownin the end, I fail. A small, frightened heart beats too quickly and gives me away. I am a Chinese girl”Song LilingSong LilingThis made Gallimard believe his theory even more: Oriental women felt
8、inferior to Western women-and to western men. It is as if the Orient will surely surrender to the Occident.But later on Song pretended to be obedient and weak in order to make him more obsessed with her. But as the plot goes on, we But as the plot goes on, we see David Hwang does not see David Hwang
9、 does not portray Song Liling to cater portray Song Liling to cater to Westerners stereotype. to Westerners stereotype. Song appeared to be weak Song appeared to be weak and obedient, but actually and obedient, but actually she was the one who she was the one who controls the overall situation. cont
10、rols the overall situation. What Song has to do is What Song has to do is pretending to be subordinate pretending to be subordinate and obedient to her Western and obedient to her Western lover, so that his Western lover, so that his Western arrogance can be satisfied.arrogance can be satisfied.The
11、end of the storyThe end of the story GallimardGallimard: committed suicide Song LilingSong Liling: regained his identity as a man. (wearing Madame Butterflys Costume)“My name is Rene Gallimardalso known as Madame Butterfly”. Gallimard: the one in dark Song Liling: the one in charge of everything. So
12、, we can see that the East is not subordinate to West in this case, thus ,the binary opposition of East and West is deconstructed.Ingratiation the resolution of ingratiation In In Madame ButterflyMadame Butterfly: East ingratiates the West. This fits Westernerss assumption that good Easterners will
13、be unnoticeably influenced by Western culture and civilized by it. In M.Butterfly M.Butterfly: We see a Westerner obsessed with China, Chinese woman and Chinese culture.Example 1Example 1 Gallimards wife asked Gallimard to go to the doctor for a check-up to see why they could not bear a child after
14、many years of marriage. Hearing this, Song tried to educate Gallimard about the ancient Chinese culture:“ In Imperial China, when a man found that one wife was inadequate, he turned to another to give him his son.”Example 2Example 2When Gallimard claimed that he wanted to see Song Liling naked, Song
15、 was so furious that she praises the Oriental women as “modest”, while burst out to criticize Western women and their behaviors: Western culture And Gallimard actually approved all these as they fit his interest and fantasy.“So you want me to-what strip? Like a big cowboy girl?”the uncivilized and the primitive culture that was not comparable to the ancient and advanced Chinese culture. So in this play, the Westerner started to identify with the East, but the Eastern culture he was obsessed with is not the Eastern culture in the real sense. The East does not i
