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1、智能门禁系统设计智能门禁系统设计摘要：随着射频技术的飞速发展及其应用范围的越发宽广，在身份识别和安防等行业，门禁系统作为智能建筑的重要单元越来越得到重视，从原始的机械锁操作到如今刷卡的智能门禁系统。射频识别技术的出现弥补了原来门禁系统的不足，而且让门禁系统变的更加安全、便捷和实用。射频标签是采用非接触式，具有读写速度快、功耗低等优点。本文设计了一种采用 RFID（Radio Frequency Identification）技术的高安全性的智能门禁系统。首先分析了门禁系统的国内外发展现状和趋势，阐述了门禁系统当前存在的问题，引出课题研究目的和意义，给出了智能门禁系统设计方案，并对射频识别技术进
2、行了阐述，研究了射频识别系统的工作原理、主要技术参数和相关的关键技术。其次完成了系统硬件和软件设计，对硬件电路芯片的选择、硬件驱动程序的设计、串口通讯程序的设计等作出了具体详细的分析。最后对智能门禁系统进行检测，当使用者进入门禁系统的检测范围时，系统会自动获取身份信息确定该使用者是不是授权用户，并且记录进出人员信息，对非授权用户发出报警信号。经试验测试，达到设计要求。关键词：RFID；智能门禁；IC卡；STC89C52Design of intelligent access control systemAbstract：With the rapid development of radio f
3、requency (RFID) technology and its application more and more broad, in the identification and security industries, access control system as an important element of intelligent building more and more importance has been attached to the, from the original mechanical lock operation to todays credit car
4、d intelligent access control system. The emergence of radio frequency identification technology has made up the shortage of the original access control system, and makes access control system become more secure, convenient and practical. Radio frequency tags are non-contact, read and write fast and
5、low power consumption.In this paper, a high security intelligent access control system is designed, which is based on RFID (Frequency Identification Radio) technology. Begins with an analysis of the access control system of the domestic and foreign development status and trends, describes the proble
6、ms existed in current access control system, leads to the purpose and significance of the topic research, based on the design scheme of the intelligent entrance guard system, and on the radio frequency identification technology is discussed in this paper, introduces the radio frequency identificatio
7、n system, the working principle, main technical parameters and related key technologies. Secondly, the hardware and software design of the system are introduced, the choice of hardware circuit, the design of the hardware driver, the design of serial communication program, etc. Finally, summary the p
8、aper, summarizes the research contents and results of this paper, when the user enters the detection range of access control system, the system will automatically obtain identity information to identify the user is not authorized to the user, and records and personnel information, to non authorized
9、user sends out the alarm signal. The project also needs to improve the place, and the prospect of the development of RFID technology.Key words： STC89C52, IC card, LCD1602, intelligent access control目 录第 1 章 绪 论 .11.1 课题研究的背景及意义.11.2 国内外技术的发展现状.11.3 设计的主要目标任务 .21.4 本章小结 .3第2章 门禁系统总体方案设计 .42.1 系统设计原理
10、.42.2 硬件方案的选择 .42.2.1主控制芯片的选择 .42.2.2 显示模块的选择.52.2.3电源电路的比较与选择 .52.2.4 键盘输入模块的选择.62.2.5电子锁门禁驱动器件的选择 .62.2.6 数据存储芯片的选择.72.3 系统的软件设计 .72.3.1 RFID通讯协议.72.3.2 RFID读写器.82.3.3 软件开发环境 .82.4 本章小结 .9第3章 门禁系统的硬件设计 .103.1 单片机最小系统设计 .103.1.1 STC89C52单片机介绍 .103.1.2 51最小系统电路设计 .103.2 IC卡原理及驱动电路设计 .123.2.1 Mifare射频卡技术参数.123.2.2 IC卡内部结构介绍 .123.2.3 IC卡读写过程 .143.2.4单片机与IC卡读卡模块接口电路设计 .153.3 键盘电路设计 .153.3.1 键盘识别原理 .153.3.2 键盘电路及键盘按键定义 .163.4 电子锁门禁继电器驱动电路设计 .163.4.1 继电器介绍 .
