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1、Smarter Cities: Evaluation in Europe and China中欧智慧城市发展与评价Tongji University 同济大学 WU Zhiqiang吴志强Tongji University 同济大学 WU Zhiqiang吴志强Smart Cities in Europe 欧洲智慧城市发展 Smart Cities in China 中国智慧城市发展 Evaluation of Smart Cities 智慧城市的评价Smart Cities in Europe 欧洲智慧城市发展42005年7月,欧盟正式实施“i2010”战略。 该战略致力于发展最新的通信技术
2、、建设 新网络、提供新服务、创造新的媒体内容。In July 2005, EU implemented “i2010” Action Plan, which stresses the importance ofacceleratingtheintroductionof eGovernmentinEurope.(latest communication technology, new network, new service, new media)2011年5月，欧盟Net!Works论坛出台了 SmartCitiesApplicationsandRequirements白皮书。In May,
3、2011, EU “Net! Works” Forum releasedWhitePaper“SmartCities Applications and Requirements”欧盟近日表示将“Smart City”作为FP8的 重点内容。A recent statement of EU has placed “Smrt City” as one of the key tasks of FP8Smart City Strategy in Europe 欧盟智慧城市战略欧盟智慧城市战略10 Cases in Europe CityPlanPlatformStart fromOperation M
4、ode1AmsterdamNew Amsterdam ClimateAmsterdam Smart City（ASC）2009PublicPrivate Partnership2BirminghamSmart City Commission VisionDigital Birmingham2006Government Driven3SantanderSmart Santander2010Government Driven4LisbonLisboa ENova2007Government Driven5Copenhagen2025 strategy of CopenhagenState of G
5、reenBusiness Practice6HelsinkiForum Virium Helsinki2005PublicPrivate Partnership7BarcelonaBarcelona EgovernmentGovernment Driven8ParisDitigal ParisGovernment Driven9BerlinServiceStadt Berlin2007Government Driven10LondonBusiness PracticeSmart City Cases in Europe 欧洲智慧城市发展欧洲智慧城市发展项目进展75%25%进展状态进展状态 Pr
6、ogress StatusUnder ImplementationCompleted项目时间分布项目时间分布 Projects Allocation （Chronical) 总结：智慧城市建设迎来高峰 Conclusion: Smart City construction is reaching its peak总结：智慧城市建设迎来高峰 Conclusion: Smart City construction is reaching its peak 进展状态：实施项目占75% Progress: 75% projects under implementation 项目时间分布：缓慢增长，陡然
7、跃升 Chronological Allocation: Slow growth and sudden leap起步早晚，增长快慢 Starting and growth rate起步早晚，增长快慢 Starting and growth rate 起步早：巴黎、柏林、伦敦等 Early Start: Paris, Berlin, London, etc 起步晚：阿姆斯特丹、伯明翰、桑坦德 Late Start: Amsterdam, Birmingham, Santander 增长快：阿姆斯特丹、伯明翰、桑坦德、柏林 Fast Growth: Amsterdam, Birmingham, S
8、antander, Berlin 增长慢：巴黎、赫尔辛基等 Slow Growth: Paris, Helsinki，etcSmart City Cases in Europe 欧洲智慧城市发展欧洲智慧城市发展项目类型36421693322行动计划相关实践智能技术应用综合技术应用相关技术应用项目类型数量项目类型数量Projects Type and Quality12%14%56%11%7%各类型项目数量各类型项目数量 Projects of Various Types Action planPracticeIntelligent Technology ApplicationIntegrate
9、d Technology ApplicationOther related technology application总体：智慧技术应用项目比例过半总体：智慧技术应用项目比例过半 Overview: More than half projects have applied smart city technology 技术应用类项目占比：74% Technology application : 74% 非技术应用类项目包括宣传推广、教育培训、招募征集、政策制定等。 Nontechnology application: promotion, education, training, recrui
10、tment, policymaking, etc个案：比例未过半仅两城市个案：比例未过半仅两城市 Cases: only 2 cities with smart application percentage under 50% 8个城市均超过50%，桑坦德甚至达到90%，仅有哥本哈根和里斯本2座城市智慧技术应用项目比例未达到50%。 More than 50% projects in 8 cities have applied smart city technologies , among which Santander has reached 90. The proportion in Co
11、penhagen and Lisbon remains under 50%.Smart City Cases in Europe 欧洲智慧城市发展欧洲智慧城市发展Action planPracticeIntelligent Technology ApplicationIntegrated Technology ApplicationOther related technology application应用领域11%79%10%Projects Category (in Different Sectors) 项目主要领域分布项目主要领域分布Industry EconomyPublic Serv
12、icePublic Administration0%70%30%产业经济领域细分产业经济领域细分Industrial ManufacturingCommerce 公共服务领域：基础设施、道路交通、开放空间居前三。 Public Service: projects of Infrastructure, road traffic and open space are the majority个案：大类基本一致，小类有别个案：大类基本一致，小类有别 Cases: consistency among categories, and differentia between second classifi
13、cationsSmart City Cases in Europe 欧洲智慧城市发展欧洲智慧城市发展Projects in Industrial EconomyGovernment administrationProjects of Public Administration空间尺度 Spatial Scale201271532建筑街区城市区域Projects Allocation (in Scales) 项目空间尺度分布Projects Allocation (in Scales) 项目空间尺度分布总体：城市和街区项目占大多数 Overview: City and region-scale
14、projects are the majority总体：城市和街区项目占大多数 Overview: City and region-scale projects are the majority 推进过程中往往以一个或若干个街区为单位来先期试点，再逐步扩展到城市范围以一个或若干个街区为单位来先期试点，再逐步扩展到城市范围。 Mode of progressing: one or several blocks as the first stage experimental sites; gradual city-scale introduction个案：街区城市类项目主导个案：街区城市类项目主导
15、 Cases: Block and CityScale projects are taking the lead. 柏林、伦敦、桑坦德、里斯本、巴塞罗那等，城市类型项目较多Berlin, London, Santander, Lisbon and Barcelona have more projects in cityscale 阿姆斯特丹、巴黎的街区类型项目则更胜一筹。Amsterdam and Paris have more projects in blockscaleSmart City Cases in Europe 欧洲智慧城市发展欧洲智慧城市发展BuildingsBlocksCit
16、iesRegions项目目标 Project Targets15378822 8357宣传营销发展转型节能减排资源集约民生保障公平透明Promotion and MarketingEquality and TransparencyDevelopment TransformationEnergy Efficiency and Emission Project Targets 项目目标分布项目目标分布总体：三个梯次总体：三个梯次 Overview： Three Levels 节能减排、民生保障居一、二位； The First and Second Levels: Energy Efficiency and livelihood Security 公平透明、发展转型居三、四位； The third and forth levels: Equality I
