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1、阅读理解的考点讲解和训练阅读理解的考点讲解和训练【考点扫描考点扫描】 中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快 地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求 选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。要求阅读速度为每分钟 40-50 个词。 中考阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则： 1. 阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在 1，000 单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等； 3. 体裁多样，包阔记叙文，说明文，应用文等。 中考阅读理解考查的主要内容是：中考阅读理解考查的主要内容是： 1. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意
2、的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的， 其主要提问方式是： (1) Which is the best title of the passage? (2) Which of the following is this passage about? (3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_. (4) The passage tells us that_. (5) This passage mainly talks about_.2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的
3、题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是： (1) Which of the following is right? (2) Which of the following is not mentioned? (3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage? (4) Choose the right order of this passage. (5) From this passage we know _.3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提
4、 问方式是： (1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means _. (2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _. (3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means _. (4) Here “it” means_.4. 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：(1) Many visitors come to the writer
5、s city to _. (2) Some shops can be built Dongfeng Square so that they may _. (3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _. (4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?5. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。 此类题目文章中没有明 确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是： (1) W
6、e can guess the writer of the letter may be a _.(2) We can infer from the text that _. (3) From the letters weve learned that its very _ to know something about American social customs. (4) From the story we can guess _. (5) What would be happy if ?6. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。 (1) How did the writer feel at V
7、ienna station? (2) The writer writes this text to _. (3) The writer believes that _. (4) The writer suggests that _.【方法和技巧方法和技巧】明确了阅读理解题的考查要点以后，我们现在来研究破解阅读理解题的方法和技巧。 1如何获取段落的主旨和大意？如何获取段落的主旨和大意？最有效的办法是找出主题句。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。 因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。 （1）主题句在段首或篇首。主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明
8、文, 议论文大都采用先总述， 后分述的叙事方法。例如： All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kin
9、d of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链)。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears. The main sentence is_阅读理解题： ( ). Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains
10、 D. Living Things（2）主题句在段末或篇末。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种 位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。例如 2010 年陕西省中考 试题阅读材料 A 的最后一段： If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost
11、 more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes. The main sentence is _（3）无主题句 有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段 的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这 个问题就
12、是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。 Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey（蜂蜜). So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian（巴西的） bees. The bees bred(繁殖) and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didnt want to make more honey. They wan
13、ted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside. Scientists could not control（控制) the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 3
14、90 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years. Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting（叮) many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for t
15、wo hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person. Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait. The main sentence of the first paragraph is _ The main sentence of the second paragraph is _ The main sentence of the third paragraph is _ The main meaning of the fourth paragraph is _ ( ) The best title of the pass
