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1、 1 浅谈高级英语句型转换浅谈高级英语句型转换 Vincent 广东省高等教育自学考试英语教育专业开设 16 门课程， 这其中高级英语属 于核心课程，难度也较大，尤其是句型转换更是让许多考生感到难以下笔，复杂 的句子结构使人仿佛坠入五里雾中。 教学指南里有少数句型转换答案在作者看来 也有值得商榷之处，现就此类题型做出一点探讨，以利广大考生顺利通过高级英 语课程。 转换步骤转换步骤 该题型指令意义有三。首先，此类句型转换已给出开头，二是句子意义不能 改变，即信息尽量完整保留，不增不减。三是句子结构变换后要成为一个一个完整的 新句子。 如：. All the statistics point to
2、 a rapidly declining rate of population increase, but that is coming about chiefly through a high infant mortality. 这是个复合句（a compound sentence）, 句法上是并列关系, 意义上是转折关系, 其中却又包含因 果关系。 新句子开头为：According to all statistics, a high infant mortality_. 要做此题，考生须明白原文中 that 是指代 a rapidly declining rate of populatio
3、n increase, 这是结果。而原因 a high infant mortality 被提到了句子的开 头，come about through 是先表果再表因，不能再用。现在只须找到先表达原因 再表示结果的词就行了。make, cause, lead to, result in, 都可以。 指南答案：According to all statistics, a high infant mortality causes the rate of population increase to decline rapidly. 这个答案语法上完全正确，但由于没有尽量保留原文表达，将 popula
4、tion in crease to decline 一起用，多少有些不自然。 事实上，做句型转换一大秘诀就是尽量保留原文表达，只改变结构性词语尽量保留原文表达，只改变结构性词语！ 答案二：According to all statistics, a high infant mortality leads to / results in a rapidly declining rate of population increase. 明显这个新句整体上表达上更为通畅。 现归纳做句型转换作题三步法三步法。 一：首先将原句和新句对照，找出意义重叠部分。 2 例：Its success as a hu
5、nter had been based entirely on a capacity to outrun any animal in Africa, together with the superb coordination of its hunting pack. It is successful as a hunter because_. It is successful as a hunter 意义等同于 Its success as a hunter 而且 because 也 传达了 be based on 的意义。 二：把剩余部分原封不动地原封不动地照抄上去。 It is succe
6、ssful as a hunter because a capacity to outrun any animal in Africa, together with the superb coordination of its hunting pack. 三： 找到关节部分, 将结构性表达填充进去，并作相应的调整。 because 不能直接接续 a capacity，如果将 because 视为一个连词，a capacity 缺主谓成分。 按照句意， 加上 it has 即可, 指南答案 it has had 似乎有些画蛇添足。 指南答案： It is successful as a hunt
7、er because it has had a capacity to outrun any animal in Africa, together with the superb coordination of its hunting pack. 答案二： It is successful as a hunter because it has a capacity to outrun any animal in Africa, together with the superb coordination of its hunting pack. 如果将 because 视为一个复合介词 beca
8、use of 一部分从而将其补充完整也 行。为使句子更通顺, 应将 a 换成 its. 答案三： It is successful as a hunter because of its capacity to outrun any animal in Africa, together with the superb coordination of its hunting pack. 按此方法转换得来的句子，只需作稍许结构变化，意义却十分忠实于原文， 表达上由于保持了原有搭配成分，读来较为自然通顺。 其实高级英语中的句型转换, 很多是从句的转换。 例一： The incident reinfor
9、ced my sense that mountaineering serves as an apt analogy for the art of teaching. There is some likeness_. 指南答案： There is some likeness, as I believed more strongly because of the incident, between mountaineering and the art of teaching. 分析：原句包含一个同位语从句。Likeness 代替了 an apt analogy，首先原样 照抄。There is s
10、ome likeness between mountaineering and the art of teaching. 其实这句就是原同位语从句(my sense that) mountaineering serves as an apt analogy for the art of teaching. 那原来的主谓成分(The incident reinforced my sense) 如何处理呢？ 3 一个普遍转换法则一个普遍转换法则就是：同位语从句可转换为由 which 引导指代前 面整句的定语从句。如 We were really shocked by the news that h
11、e was still alive. 可转换为：He was still alive, which really shocked us. 依此类推，可由另一答案。 答案二： There is some likeness between mountaineering and the art of teaching, which was my sense reinforced by the incident. 同样，下面答案的道理也应容易弄懂。 例二： In such a land, Lee stood for the feeling that it was somehow of advantag
12、e to human advantage to have a pronounced inequality in the social structure. A pronounced inequality in the social structure was _. 答案： A pronounced inequality in the social structure was somehow of advantage to human advantage to have a pronounced inequality in the social structure, which was the
13、feeling Lee stood for in such a land. 商榷之处商榷之处 高级英语教与学指南书对广大的考生有莫大的帮助。但令人遗憾的是，指南 书上有少量答案，或遗漏原有信息，或误解原意，乃至于犯语法错误也有之，现 一一指明。 一：遗漏信息 例： Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. To define o
14、ur thoughts and feelings_. 指南答案： To define our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words, we choose our words carefully. 分析：Choosing words 变成了 we choose our words carefully. 因为新句是动 词不定式开头所以必须补出逻辑主语，但原文一个重要观点4 Choosing words is part of the process of realiza
15、tion 不见了。 答案二：To define our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words, we should be careful about choosing words, because it is also part of the process of realization. 二：误解原意 例一： I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear escaped me in these perils, had
16、 I not derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it. Because I derived some poor consolation_. 指南答案： Because I derived some poor consolation in my mortal from the belief that the whole world was dying with me, and I with it, I could not b
