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1、Riparian Wetlands1. Introduction2. Definitions and concepts3.Environmental conditions determining riparian Wetlands4. Types ofof Riparian Wetlands5.5. TypicalTypical biotabiota andand biodiversitybiodiversity Wetlands 6. Ecological services of Riparian Wetlands7. Conservation8. Further readingIntrod
2、uctionThe riparian zone of running water systems is a site of intensive ecological interactions between the aquatic and the terrestrial parts of stream valley. wetlands that occur in this zone exchange water with the aquifer and with the main channel during flood events(figure 1).riparian wetlands a
3、re buffer zones for the water budget of the landscape: they take up excess water from flood events and release it gradually afterwards.ModernModern ecologicalecological theorytheory recognizesrecognizes thethe importantimportant rolerole riparianriparian wetlandswetlands playplay forfor biodiversity
4、biodiversity andand forfor thethe energyenergy andand mattermatter budgetsbudgets alongalong thethe wholewhole rangerranger ofof riverriver courses.courses. TheThe carboncarbon andand nutrientnutrient budgetsbudgets areare influencedinfluenced byby dissolveddissolved andand particulateparticulate su
5、bstancessubstances fromfrom thethe borderingbordering terrestrialterrestrial ecosystems,ecosystems, byby autochthonousautochthonous productionproduction fromfrom thethe wetlandwetland plants,plants, andand byby allochthonousallochthonous organicorganic mattermatter delivereddelivered byby thethe flo
6、odwater.floodwater. TheThe proportionsproportions betweenbetween thesethese sourcessources areare defineddefined byby thethe hydrologicalhydrological patterns,patterns, landscapelandscape morphology,morphology, andand climaticclimatic conditions.conditions. (see(see riverriver andand streams:streams
7、: physicalphysical settingsetting andand adaptedadapted biotabiota andand riverriver andand stream:stream: ecosystemecosystem dynamics).dynamics).TheThe crossovercrossover betweenbetween humidhumid andand drydry conditionsconditions createscreates habitatshabitats forfor organismsorganisms andand fo
8、rfor thatthat biotabiota thatthat areare specializedspecialized onon wetlandwetland conditions.conditions. AsAs thethe transversaltransversal dimensiondimension ofof streamsidestreamside wetlandswetlands isis generallygenerally small,small, theirtheir overalloverall importanceimportance forfor lands
9、capelandscape ecology,ecology, biogeochemistry,biogeochemistry, andand biodiversitybiodiversity isis oftenoften overlookedoverlooked .however,.however, thethe totaltotal sizesize ofof thesethese wetlandswetlands cancan bebe considerableconsiderable inin areasareas withwith densedense streamstream wo
10、rks. Moreover,Moreover, thethe corridor-shapedcorridor-shaped extensionextension ofof riparianriparian wetlandswetlands makesmakes themthem perfectperfect pathwayspathways forfor thethe genegene flowflow betweenbetween remoteremote populationspopulations ofof aquaticaquatic andand terrestrialterrest
11、rial biota.biota. ManyMany ecologicalecological servicesservices areare uniquelyuniquely providedprovided byby riparianriparian wetlands,wetlands, includingincluding erosionerosion control,control, filteringfiltering ofof nutrientsnutrients andand pesticidespesticides fromfrom adjacentadjacent cropl
12、and,cropland, mitigationmitigation valuevalue inin a a socioeconomicsocioeconomic context.context.ThereThere isis a a largelarge arrayarray ofof environmentalenvironmental conditionsconditions thatthat varyvary betweenbetween thethe differentdifferent typestypes ofof riparianriparian wetlands,wetlan
13、ds, especiallyespecially climaticclimatic regionregion andand prevailingprevailing vegetationvegetation type,type, andand landscapelandscape morphologymorphology andand hydrologichydrologic patterns.patterns. ThisThis articlearticle dealsdeals withwith thethe differentdifferent typestypes ofof ripar
14、ianriparian wetlands,wetlands, theirtheir deterministicdeterministic environmentalenvironmental conditions,conditions, prevailingprevailing ecologicalecological processes,processes, typicaltypical biota,biota, andand aspectsaspects ofof conservation.conservation. Definitions and conceptsThese are ma
15、ny definitions of riparian wetlands. A hydrological definition defines riparian wetlands as Lowland terrestrial ecotones which derive their high water tables and alluvial soils from drainage and erosion of adjacent uplands on the one side or from periodic flooding from aquatic ecosystems on the other (mccormick,1979)A A functionalfunctional definitiondefinition statesstates thatthat Riparian areas are these-dimensional ecotones of interaction that include terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem, that extend down to the ground
