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1、建筑历史常用词汇 建筑技术常用词汇4、建筑、建筑历史常用词汇史常用词汇Classicism 古典主义 Neoclassicism新古典主义 Modernism 现代主义Its generally accepted that modernism was superseded by postmodernism and is now regarded as a historical style. Romanesque罗马风 Gothic哥特式 a gothic cathedral一座哥特式的大教堂Byzantine 拜占庭式 Renaissance 文艺复兴 A renaissance mansio
2、n 一座文艺复兴时期的宅邸Baroque巴洛克 Rococo洛可可 Although baroque architecture emerged almost simultaneously in the capital cities of Italy and France, Rome is usually regarded as its place of birth.5、建筑技术常用词汇、建筑技术常用词汇Structure结构,构造,体系，建筑物 structure engineering 结构工程construction建设，结构，构造，建筑物building construction 建筑构
3、造frame（n）骨架，框架，结构(v) 建造 framework骨架，框架，结构,计划 Unlike Europes stone castles and cathedrals, American historical sites are often simple, wood-framed buildings, which are subject to the ravages of moisture and insects.concrete 混凝土in situ concrete 现浇混凝土 precast / precasted concrete预制混凝土The floor construc
4、tion is generally of precast concrete units spanning between 6m and 10m onto the steel beams or insitu concrete laid onto a permanent metal deck which spans between 2m and 4m onto steel beams.steel 钢钢筋 steel bar reinforcing steel bar 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete reinforced concrete structure/ constructi
5、on 钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete frame/framework钢筋混凝土框架steel frame/framework钢框架 steel structure/construction钢结构 frame structure/construction 框架结构框架结构 timber frame structure 木框架结构floor slab 楼板 beam梁 main beam 主梁 secondary beam 次梁 cantilever beam 悬臂梁column 柱 Beam and Column construction provides a simpl
6、e means of transmitting heavy floor and roof loading down to the foundations of a building.wall墙 shear wall 剪力墙 bearing wall 承重墙These are masonry bearing walls structures with steel bar joists for floor and roof structures.masonry砖石砌工, 砖石砌体 joist托梁,小桁, 搁栅 exterior/external wall 外墙 interior/internal
7、wall 内墙cable电缆，索 steel cables 钢索 stayed-cable structure 拉索结构桁架 truss 钢桁架 steel truss空间网架 space frame steel space framearch 拱 the steel arched roof钢拱架屋顶基础 foundation pile foundations 桩基础 strip foundations 条形基础span n.v 跨度 long-span structures 大跨度结构 Structure span and rise 结构的跨度和高度 The bridge is a 3-sp
8、an, 4-lane vehicular structure 52 meters long and 30 meters wide. The steel arched roof spans 50 meters.load负荷，荷载 horizontal loads水平方向荷载 vertical loads垂直方向荷载 heating load 热负荷prefabricated part / element 预制构件建筑构件 building component building elementdoor门 Window窗 sliding door/window 推拉门/窗 shutter ，louv
9、er 百叶窗 bay window 凸窗 aluminum alloy door / window铝合金门/窗 fire door 防火门fire wall防火墙 fire-resisting rolling shutter防火卷帘 glass/glazed curtain wall 玻璃幕墙 The buildings west face contains a curtain wall, composed of eleven different types of windows, each with different coatings and performance characteris
10、tics.天窗，天光玻璃 skylight roof lightstaircase / stairway楼梯，楼梯间 stairs楼梯，阶梯 spiral stairs 旋梯 U stairs 双跑楼梯 straight stairs 直跑楼梯flight梯段 Most homes use straight stairs as they are fairly easy to build and they dont require as much floor space.landing休息平台电梯 elevator（美） lift（英） 客梯 passenger elevator 货梯 frei
11、ght elevator 自动扶梯 escalatorroof屋顶flat roof 平屋顶 sloped / sloping roof 坡屋顶ridge屋脊 canopy顶盖，挑檐Station canopy 车站雨棚材料 material paving material 铺地材料（主要指道路， 街道的铺设） 饰面 finish, finish surface 涂料，涂层，面层coating 包层，镀层，敷层cladding metal cladding金属包层石材，stone, building stone 石块，石板 stone panel granite花岗岩 marble大理石 te
12、rrazzo水磨石 tile 面砖,瓷砖，瓦 地砖 floor tile 陶瓷地砖ceramic flooring tile墙砖wall tile roofing tile屋面瓦 mosaic 马赛克 水泥 cement 砂浆 mortar 水泥砂浆 cement mortarsteel plate 钢板 plywood 胶合板，层压木板 各种板材表达的区别plate 片状的，光滑的，平整的，比较薄的， 均匀厚度的硬物体，如建筑物、机器 零件 中起保护作用的金属板或玻璃板panel面板，镶嵌板，例如门板slab厚平板sheet薄片，板宽阔、薄的，通常是长方形或 片状材料，如纸张、金属、玻璃或夹
13、板 glass sheet 玻璃板raw steel 铸铁 stainless steel不锈钢 fabric织物 membrane膜 The roof is covered by membrane.建筑构造 building construction waterproof 防水的water proof material 防水材料 waterproofing (process) 防水做法 water proof mortar 防水砂浆隔热层 thermal insulating layer/courseheat insulation layer/course隔音层 sound insulati
14、on course踢脚 skirtingbase 踢脚板 skirting board baseboard 线脚 molding / moulding 泛水 flashing ramp 坡道 The maximum slope of egress ramps shall be 1 unit vertical to 12 units horizontal (1:12).ceiling 天花板设备工程 mechanical engineering 空气调节 air-conditioning 制冷cooling refrigerating 供暖heating 风机盘管 fan coil conden
15、sate 冷凝水 ventilation 通风 natural ventilation 自然通风 mechanical ventilation 机械通风air exhaust排风 air return回风 duct 输送/排泄管道 air return duct回风管sanitary design给排水设计 给水系统 water supply system排水系统 drainage system Water supply and sewage system (建筑物外的)给排水系统 Plumbing and sanitary engineering (建筑物内的)给排水管道安装工程 pipe
16、导管 water pipe 水管floor drain 地漏 消防 fire protection 防火分区 fire compartment 消防栓 hydrant Necessary number of hydrants are installed indoors along the wall, columns, corridors, and staircases, at intervals of less than 30m. sprinkler 喷头sprinkler system 喷淋系统 smoke exhaustion 排烟电气设备工程 electrical engineering 照明 illumination lighting light fixture 照明设备 ambient illumination 背景照明 task illumination工作照明 outlet电源插座，引出线 wire电线 cable电缆 raceway电线电缆管道 metal raceway 金属线槽
