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1、I西安邮电学院西安邮电学院毕毕 业业 设设 计（论计（论 文）文）题 目： 院 （系）： 专 业： 班 级： 学生姓名： 导师姓名： 职称： II摘 要随着社会经济的发展交通运输业日益兴旺，汽车的数量在大副攀升。交通 拥挤状况也日趋严重，撞车事件屡屡发生，造成了不可避免的人身伤亡和经济 损失，针对这种情况，设计一种响应快，可靠性高且较为经济的汽车防撞预警 系统势在必行，超声波测距法是最常见的一种距离测距方法，本文介绍的就是 利用超声波测距法设计的一种倒车防撞报警系统。 论文的内容是基于 AT89C51 单片机倒车防撞系统的设计，主要是利用超声 波的特点和优势，将超声波测距系统和 AT89C51
2、 单片机结合于一体，设计出一 种基于 AT89C51 单片机的倒车防撞报警系统。该系统采用软、硬件结合的方法， 具有模块化和多用化的特点。 论文概述了超声波检测的发展及基本原理，阐述了超声波传感器的原理及 特性。对于系统的一些主要参数进行了讨论，并且在介绍超声波测距系统功能 的基础上，提出了系统的总体构成。通过多种发射接收电路设计方案比较，得 出了最佳设计方案，并对系统各个设计单元的原理进行了介绍。对组成各系统 电路的芯片进行了介绍，并阐述了它们的工作原理。论文介绍了系统的软件结 构，通过编程来实现系统功能。最后，通过对系统的误差分析，给出了系统的 改进方案。关键字：单片机 超声波 AT89C
3、51IIIAbstractIs day by day prosperous along with the social economy development transportation shipping industry, the automobile quantity climbs in the first mate. Traffic congestion condition also day by day serious, the collision event occurred repeatedly, has caused the inevitable person casualti
4、es and the economic loss, in view of this kind of situation, designed one kind to respond quickly, the reliability was high also a more economical automobile guards against hits the early warning system imperative, the ultrasonic wave range finding was the most common one distance range finder metho
5、d, this article introduces is guards against using the ultrasonic wave range finding design one kind of back-draft hits the alarm system. The paper is based on the contents of the AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit reverse collision avoidance system design, mainly using ultrasound features and ad
6、vantages, ultrasound ranging system and the integration with the integration AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit, AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit based on the design of a reverse collision avoidance warning systems. The system used software and hardware integrated approach of a modular and m
7、ulti-use characteristics. The paper outlines the development and the basic principles of ultrasound tests on the principles and characteristics of ultrasound sensors. Some of the main parameters for the system were discussed, and introducing ultrasonic ranging system functions basis, the overall com
8、position of the system. Through multiple launch reception circuit design comparison, the best designed programme drawn, and various system design modules principles introduced. On the composition of the system circuit chip introduced and elaborated the principles of their work. Papers introduced sys
9、tem software architecture, through programming to achieve system function. Finally, through the analysis of system error, giving the system improvement programme. KeyKey wordword：monolithic integrated circuit；ultrasonic wave；AT89C51IV目 录第 1 章 绪论.1 1.1 超声检测发展综述.1 1.2 论文主要内容和章节安排.3 1.3 本设计时间安排.3 第 2 章
10、 超声波测距原理.5 2.1 超声波传感器介绍.5 2.1.1 超声波传感器特性.6 2.2 超声波检测概述.7 2.2.1 超声探伤.8 2.3 超声测距原理及实现 .9 第 3 章 单片机超声波测距系统构想.10 3.1 超声波测距系统总体方案.10 3.2 系统主要参数考虑.11 3.2.1 传感器指向角.11 3.2.2 测距仪的工作频率.12 3.2.3 声速.12 3.2.4 发射脉冲宽度.12 3.2.5 测量盲区.13 第 4 章 单片机倒车防撞报警系统各组成单元方案设计.14 4.1 发射接收电路方案设计.14 4.2 显示报警单元方案设计.22 4.2.1 系统显示电路设计.22 4.2.2 系统报警电路设计.
