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1、一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：（一）句子成分1. .主语（主语（subjectsubject）: : 句子说明的人或事物。句子说明的人或事物。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing.（动名词）To see is to
2、believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出下列句中的主语：Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词）She went out in a hurry.（代词）Four plus four is eight.（数词）To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health.（动名词）The young s
3、hould respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子）2.2.谓语（谓语（predicatepredicate）: : 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。说明主语的动作、状态和特征。简单谓语简单谓语: :由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成Isaw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+ +动词动词; ;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to
4、 like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。 ） ：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.3.表语（表语（predicativepredicative）: : 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中
5、文，而 且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛 逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。其实坦白说，如果自己一个人学习英语太孤独， 太寂寞，没有办法坚持，好几次都会半途而废。只要你加入到那个群里以后，自 己就会每天都能在群里坚持学，坚持不停地说和练，由于是付费群，群里的成员 学习氛围非常强，每天的训练度都非常猛，本来很懒惰的你一下子就被感染了， 不由自主地被带动起来参与操练，不好意思偷懒，别人的刻苦学习精神会不知不 觉影响你，Empty Your Cup英语微信群(进群加维新 601332975)可以彻底治 好你的拖延症，里面学员都非常友好，总是给你不断的帮助和鼓励，让你学
6、英语 的路上重新燃起了斗志，因为每天都在运用，你的英语口语就能得到了迅猛的提 升，现在可以随便给一个话题，都能用英文滔滔不绝的发表5分钟以上对这个话 题的看法和观点，想提高英语口语的 可以加入进来，It really works very well.加入纯英语微信群的20大特别理由1,加群可以每天拥有正能量 2,加群可以彻底攻克英语口语 3,加群可以不断结识高端人脉 4,加群可以每天不断突破自我 5,加群可以每天保持精神亢奋 6,加群可以彻底改变你的命运 7,加群可以每天给自己大脑充值 8,加群可以让自己每天不断进步 9,加群可以彻底激发你的无限潜能 10,加群可以让你持续性的终身学习 11,
7、加群可以让你随时随地的学英语 12,加群可以让你拥有无穷的个人魅力 13,加群可以让你战胜自卑，突破自我 14,加群可以借助群体的力量壮大自己 15,加群可以让自己的核心竞争力不断增加 16,加群可以跟着群里的口语大咖一起学习 17,加群可以让你脱胎换骨变成有影响力的人 18,加群可以加入成功的氛围，融入成功的环境 19,加群可以和群里牛人交流分享学习经验心得 20,加群可以实现内部绝密资源共享，共同进步He is a teacher.（名词）Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep.（
8、形容词）His father is in.（副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感
9、觉） .It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.找出下列句中的表语。找出下列句中的表语。1. I am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sound
10、s interesting.4.4.宾语：宾语：1 1）动作的承受者）动作的承受者-及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.（动名词）I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you af
11、raid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1. We often help him.2. He likes to play bas
12、ketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt sick.5. They are talking about the new student.5.5.宾补宾补：对宾语的补充对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语全称为宾语补足语。有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：We elected
13、him monitor.（名词）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in.( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Dont let him do that. （省 to 不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带 to 不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词） Ill hav
14、e my bike repaired. （过去分词）6.6.主补：对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。主补：对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the nextroom.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.7.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the
15、third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boya lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in herarms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You s
16、hould do everything that I do.（定语从句）定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?8.8.状语：用来修饰状语：用来修饰 v.,v., adj.,adj., adv.,adv., 或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in t
