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1、东北农业大学硕士学位论文不同吸附剂对除草剂在土壤中吸附/解吸行为的影响姓名：李晓薇申请学位级别：硕士专业：农药学指导教师：陶波20090612摘 要 I 摘 要 摘 要 我国是农业大国，农作物病虫害发生严重且频繁，农药的品种多、用量大。大量的有机农药通过各种渠道进入环境和生态系统，产生一系列污染问题，特别是对土壤的污染，不仅可造成土壤酸化，土壤养分减少；同时对土壤动物、微生物和农作物等均可造成不良影响。仅在我国，国土面积的一半就存在着不同程度的污染，此类情况已成为全世界共同面对的难题。针对这一问题，希望通过本研究建立一种简便、经济的土壤清理方法，为进行土壤中农药污染的综合治理提供依据。 本论文
2、采用批处理恒温震荡法，利用 GC-MS 联用仪和高效液相色谱仪对两种除草剂氟磺胺草醚和乙草胺与不同吸附剂之间的相互作用，进行了四个方面的研究： （1）除草剂在不同土壤中的吸附/解吸行为； （2）不同吸附剂对除草剂在土壤中的吸附/解吸行为； （3）环境条件对吸附/解吸行为的影响； （4）吸附/解吸行为对除草剂在土壤中淋溶的影响。通过研究得出以下结论： 1. 除草剂在不同土壤中的吸附/解吸行为及影响因素：除草剂在土壤中的吸附分为快速的分配以及慢速的空隙填充两个阶段；不同土壤对除草剂的吸附容量和吸附强度不同，土壤有机质含量和 pH 是导致差异的重要因素： 随土壤 pH 的增大而减小； 随有机质含量的
3、增大而增大；土壤对除草剂的解吸迟滞作用与土壤有机质含量有关。 2. 粉煤灰、沸石和壳聚糖对除草剂在土壤中的吸附/解吸行为：当三种吸附物质的添加水平相同时，粉煤灰的吸附能力最大，其次是壳聚糖，沸石的吸附能力最小；当这三种物质的添加量不同时，发现各种人工吸附剂对除草剂的吸附强度、吸附容量以及解吸迟滞作用均随吸附物质含量的增加而递增； 增加吸附物质的含量可以使吸附/解吸等温线从线性转向非线性，并且主导的吸附机制也从分配作用转向表面吸附。 3.不同环境条件对土壤中氟磺胺草醚吸附/解吸行为的影响：温度升高，对氟磺胺草醚的吸附强度和吸附容量降低，当 pH 增大时，也出现类似的变化趋势；另外，土壤有机质含量
4、是影响吸附强度和吸附容量的重要因素，有机质含量越高，吸附氟磺胺草醚的能力越大。 4.粉煤灰对氟磺胺草醚在土壤中淋溶的影响：除草剂在土壤中的吸附/解吸行为可直接影响它在土壤中的淋溶；以土柱淋溶实验模拟实际环境情况，结果表明，土壤中添加了粉煤灰之后，能够改善氟磺胺草醚在土壤中的浓度分布情况并能显著降低淋溶深度。 关键词：关键词：粉煤灰；沸石；壳聚糖；氟磺胺草醚；乙草胺；吸附/解吸行为；迟滞作用 Abstract i Impact of different adsorbents on the sorption/desorption behavior of herbicidesin soil Abst
5、ract China is a great agricultural country, and crop pests occur seriously and frequently, thereby large amount and various agricultural chemicals are needed. A large number of organic pesticides are entered into environment and ecological system through various channels, which causes a series of po
6、llution problems, specially produces much harm with the pollution to the soil, Not only can cause soil acidification, nutrient of soil reduced; Having a negative impact on soil fauna, microbes, crops at the same time. Only in China, half of the land area exists various degree of pollution. Nowadays,
7、 the problem has become a difficulty all over the world. In response to the question, We hope to establish a simple, economical method of soil clean-up through the study, To provide criterion for the comprehensive control of the pesticides pollution. In my thesis, three adsorbing substances which ar
8、e pulverized coal, zeolite and chitose are appended in the soil, Conducted research in four areas with batch constant temperature oscillating method and GC-MS , HPLC. (1) Impact of different types of soil on the sorption/desorption behavior; (2) Impact of different adsorbents on the sorption/desorpt
9、ion behavior of herbicides in soil;(3) Impact of environmental conditions on the sorption/desorption behavior of herbicides in soil;(4) Impact of sorption/desorption behavior on the leaching of herbicides in soil. 1. Impact of different types of soil on the sorption/desorption behavior: the adsorpti
10、on of herbicides in the soil is divided into rapid allocated phase and slow gap filling phase, and the adsorption capacity and strength of the soil on the herbicides increase with the increasing of the organic content in the soil and decrease with the increasing of the soil pH. That the soil has the
11、 desorption hysteresis on the herbicides is relevant with the organic content in the soil. 2. Impact of pulverized coal, zeolite and chitose on the sorption/desorption behavior of herbicides in soil. When the three appended materials have the same quantities, the pulverized coal has the strongest ad
12、sorption capacity, the zeolite follows the pulverized coal, and the weakest comes to the chitose. When the three appended materials have diverse quantities, and that the artificial adsorbents have the adsorption capacity and strength and the desorption hysteresis on the herbicides all increase gradu
13、ally with the increase of adsorbing substance content is found. Besides, that the various artificial adsorbents have effects on the adsorption and desorption isotherm 东北农业大学农学硕士学位论文 iinon-linearity is investigated, and the result shows that increasing the content of the adsorbing substance can turn
14、the sorption/desorption behavior isotherm from linearity to non-linearity, and also turn the leading adsorption mechanism from dispensing effect to surface adsorption. 3. Impact of different environmental conditions on the sorption/desorption behavior of herbicides in soil: when the temperature rise
15、s, the adsorption capacity and strength of the artificial adsorbents on the fomesafen is reduced. When pH is increased, similar varying tendency is also appeared. Besides, the organic content of the soil is a substantial factor which affects the adsorption capacity and strength, wherein the higher t
16、he organic content is, the greater the ability of the artificial adsorbents to adsorb the fomesafen has. 4. Impact of leaching of fomesafen in Soil amended with pulverized coal: the sorption/desorption behavior of pesticides in soil can influence the leaching in Soil amended with pulverized coal directly. The soil column leaching test is applied to simulate practical environment condition. The resulit shows, the leaching of the fomesafen in soil is improved after appending the adsorbing su
