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1、南京航空航天大学博士学位论文基于本体的Web服务语义支撑技术研究姓名：朱俊武申请学位级别：博士专业：计算机科学技术指导教师：王建东20080301南京航空航天大学博士论文 I摘摘 要要 Web 服务是一种新兴的分布式计算模式，提供了一种基于 Internet 的且与开发环境无关的软件服务。该软件形式与运行平台无关，经过封装的服务发布在 Internet 上，供用户选择、绑定和调用。这种面向服务的计算模式遵循一定的体系结构，适应了 Web 环境的开放性，奠定了 Web 信息和应用程序集成的技术基础。 但是，现有的Web服务缺少明显的语义，Web服务之间不能很好地理解其相互传递的消息，阻碍了服务之
2、间的通讯和交互，无法实现服务的自动组合； 从服务发现的角度看， 基于关键词的语法级服务发现无法保证其准确性，缺乏语义信息的支撑更无法实现在给定的服务候选集中进行二次选择。 上述问题的关键原因是缺乏一个面向Web服务的可共享的语义平台，因而无法实现Web服务的接口和执行过程的可共享语义解释。语义平台的搭建有利于提高服务发现的质量，奠定服务自动组合基础。 在 2000 年 12 月的 XML2000 会议上，万维网的创始人 Tim Berners-Lee正式提出语义 Web 概念，拟扩展当前的 WWW，把 Web 上的信息表示成机器能够理解和处理的形式， 同时在计算机和人类理解的语义之间建立一种联
3、系， 使得网络中所有信息都具有语义性。 语义 Web主要基于 XML、 RDF/RDFS和 OWL 等语言，并在此基础上构建本体和逻辑推理规则，以实现基于语义的知识表示和推理，使得计算机能理解和处理 Web 信息。语义 Web 服务是在 Web 服务中加入语义支撑，构造一种带有语义的 Web 服务环境，使得服务接口及执行过程具有语义支持。 针对这些实际应用需求、研究现状和存在的问题，本文主要围绕 Web服务语义平台搭建，提出一个多技术支撑的面向服务的架构 MTSSOA，该架构以本体为核心，以 Web 服务的过程属性描述和语义协同为辅助技术，着重研究了面向语义 Web 服务的分布式本体映射、分布
4、式本体融合、本体语义相似性计算、Web 服务操作语义支撑和开放环境下的语义协同等问题。 论文的主要研究内容和成果如下：首先，构造了一个多技术支撑的面向基于本体的 Web 服务语义支撑技术研究 IIWeb 服务的架构 MTSSOA，引入动态 QoS 数据库、上下文模式库和动态属性数据库，服务被调用和执行后，反馈维护信息；构造本体库支撑 Web 服务的接口解释和 Agent 协同；然后，综合考虑 Web 服务的开放性和分布性，分别采用本体映射和融合方法关联分布式本体， 以构造更高层次的语义共享空间，同时给出基于相似性原理的本体语义贴近度的定量计算，论文中给出了实验及分析， 验证了分布式本体融合及冗
5、余关系约简算法的有效性； 另外，针对 Web 服务执行的动态和并发属性，给出了一个 Web 服务操作语义的形式化描述方式，可用于 Web 服务过程属性描述；最后，阐述了原型系统设计与实现中的两个关键技术：领域本体自动获取和基于元组空间的语义协同。 在论文中解决了 Web 服务的语义平台搭建中的分布式本体映射、 融合和本体语义相似度定量计算等问题，给出了面向服务通讯和交互的 Web 服务动态属性表示方法，实现了开放环境下基于元组空间的语义协同。 关键字：关键字：本体，Web 服务，语义，协同，形式化 南京航空航天大学博士论文 III Abstract As a new distributed c
6、omputing mode, Web services provide many software applications on Internet, and these applications are unrelated with environments. Web services have nothing to do with the platform of performance, and the encapsulated software applications can be selected, bind and transferred by service users afte
7、r they are issued on the Internet by service provider. Under certain system architecture, this computing mode can accommodate the opened Web environments, and builds a fundament for integrating information and applications on the Web. A central difficulty of sharing messages transferred among Web se
8、rvices is absence of semantics, so Web service can not communicate, interact and inter-operate with other services or environment. The semantic organization and description of Web services are all important requirements for enabling the automatic discovery, invocation and composition of Web services
9、. Without supporting of semantic, the expected service can not be selected from given set provided by syntactic matching. To deal with above questions, a sharable semantic platform should be constructed to describe Web service and its procedure of performing. On XML2000 conference, the creator of WW
10、W, Tim Berners-Lee, brought forward the concept of Semantic Web. In order to interpret information on the web, Semantic Web is intent on expand the current Internet, and represents information by a structured and with formal form, so as to understood by user and machine. Based on XML, RDF/RDFS and O
11、WL, Semantic Web constructs ontologies and logic reasoning rules, so the information can be understood and dealt with by computer. On the semantic environment, the interfaces of semantic Web service can be supported by ontologies, and the communication, interaction and interoperation can be realized
12、. Oriented to practical requirement, related work and existing question, this 基于本体的 Web 服务语义支撑技术研究 IVthesis propose a multi-technologies supported service-oriented architecture (MTSSOA), which is based on many pivotal technologies, such as ontology, representation of dynamic procedure of Web service
13、 and Agent. In this thesis, we apply ourselves to design algorithm of distributed ontologies mapping and integrating, to compute similarity of ontology concepts and to depict operation procedure of Web services. The structure of this thesis is following. Firstly, a multi-technologies supported servi
14、ce-oriented architecture is proposed, and QoS base and context base, which are maintained dynamically according to users feedbacks, are introduced. Secondly, considering the open and distributed environment of Web service, mapping rules and integrating algorithm are designed to construct higher sema
15、ntic layer to interpret interfaces of Web services, and a method to computing distance of concepts is given. Thirdly, owing to the characters of inter-current and dynamic, a formal method to describe the procedure of Web service performance is expatiated, and this method can facilitate program the p
16、rocedure of Web services composition. At last, a semantic cooperation model named SWTs is given. Finally, by analysis results of our experiment, we can find that the algorithm of integrating distributed ontologies and reducing redundant relations are all effectively. Meanwhile, an application instance of computing distance of concepts is given. What we can highlight about this thesis are ontologies mapping rules, algorithm integrating distributed ontologies, algorithm reducing redundant re
