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1、本章内容选自张道真先生主编的初中英语语法 第十六章 主谓一致 学习导航 主谓一致情况比较复杂，学习时要熟练掌握语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个原则。要做到主谓一致，除了要考虑句 子中主语人称和数的变化，还要考虑到谓语动词时态和语态的变化。很多情况下还要结合具体的语言环境加以判断。语法视窗 1、主谓一致的三条原则 主语和谓语保持一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化叫主谓一致。主谓一致一般要遵循三 条原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1、语法一致原则。 谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动
2、词也采取复数形式。 Tom likes eggs，oranges and bananas. All the students in my class are hard-working.2、意义一致原则。 有些名词形式为单数，但表示复数意义；有些名词形式为复数，却表示单数意义。这种情况下，谓语动词要采取意义一 致的原则，即谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。 People read for pleasure during their spare time.（people 表示复数概念） Three months has passed since you left.（three months 表示单
3、数概念） 3、就近一致原则。 就近一致原则指的是谓语动词的人称和数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。 No food or water is allowed to take with. Either several telephones or a fax machine is needed in my office. Neither you nor he knows how to answer the question.Not only the students but （also）their teacher likes the film. There is a table and fo
4、ur chairs in the room. There are four chairs and a table in the room.2、主谓一致的具体情况 1、不定式、动名词作主语 单个的不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。由 and 连接的两个或多个不定式、动名词作主语表示两个 不同的概念时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 To learn a foreign language well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. To do and to say are two different things.2、
5、and，both.and 连接的并列成分作主语 在连词 and 或 both.and 连接的并列主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。 New York and Boston are American cities. Both bread and butter are sold out.特别提示： 由 and 连接的并列主语，如果是指一个人或一种事物时，其后的谓语动词就用单数形式。 The writer and artist has come.那位作家兼艺术家已经来了。 A knife and fork is on the table.餐桌上有一副刀叉。 Fish and chips is a p
6、opular food.炸鱼加薯条是一种很受欢迎的食物。 Five and five makes ten.5 加 5 等于 10。3、More than one.，many a.作主语 “more than one + 名词，many a + 名词，a（n）. and a half”等短语作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词 需要用单数形式。A month and a half has passed since I saw him. More than one person here is going to find a new job.4、假性主语 主语后有 with/together
7、 with/except/but/like/as well as.等短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式不受这类短语影响，仍与短语 前的主语一致。 Mr. Green，together with his children，has come to China. I，with someone else in my class，am staying in a Chinese home. The students as well as their teacher were playing a game on the playground. No one except the teachers knows th
8、e answer. She,like you and Tom,is very tall.5、表示由两部分构成的物体的名词作主语 主语为表示由两个相同的部分构成的物体的名词，如 glasses，trousers，pants，shoes 等时，谓语动词用复数形式。但 如果它们前面用了 pair 修饰时，谓语动词的数取决于 pair 的单、复数形式。 My new trousers are a bit tight. Here are some new pairs of shoes.6、 “the/a number of+可数名词复数”作主语 主语为“the number of +可数名词复数（.的数
9、量） ”时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为“a number of +可数名词复数 （很多.） ”时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The number of cars is increasing. There were a number of people out this afternoon.7、each 及复合不定代词作主语 each 或由 some-，any-，every-，no-构成的复合不定代词用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Somebody is looking for you. Everybody is doing his best. There is nothing interesti
10、ng in the newspaper.I cant find my pen-has anyone seen it？8、either、neither 作主语 either、neither 用作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但是，如果后面接“of+可数名词复数或代词的复数”时，谓语动词 用单复数均可。 Either is very good. Neither of us wants/want to eat outside. Neither of the sisters was/were alive.9、定语从句中关系代词作主语 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who，which 等用作主语时，其
11、谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 This is the man who wants to see you. The girls who are coming soon are my students.10、what 引导的主语从句作主语 由 what 引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词一般用单数形式。但如果表示复数意义，主句谓语动词一般用单数形式。 What we need now is time. What he left me are only some old books.11、表示时间、金额等的名词短语作主语 表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等名词的复数形式用作主语时，通常作为整体看待，谓语动
12、词要用单数形式。 Six weeks is a very long time to be away from home. A hundred miles is a long distance. Ten thousand dollars is cheap enough for that house.12、以-s 结尾表示单数意义的名词作主语 有些表示学科的名词或专有名词以 s 结尾，但表示单数意义，如 news，physics，maths，politics，James 等。这些词作 主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Physics is my favourite subject. James is
13、going to spend his holiday in Hawaii.13、集体名词作主语 集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于集体名词的意义。当集体名词指整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；当侧重其中的 个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类集体名词常见的有 army，class，club，family，group，team 等。但集体名词 cattle，people，police 一般总看成复数形式。 The class is the best one in the grade. The whole class are listening to the teacher carefully. Al
14、most every family there owns a car. All my family enjoy the life in the country. Before the match our team was expected to be the best one. The team are driving to the game in their own cars.14、None of 后接可数名词复数或代词的复数作主语 口语中，none of 后接可数名词复数或代词的复数时，谓语动词常用复数形式；书面语中，谓语动词常用单数形式。 None of our factories is
15、/are in operation yet. None of the students has/have ever been to the island.15、 “some，most，分数等+名词”作主语 some，any，most，all，more，the rest，分数或百分数等作主语时，谓语动词要与他们所指代的名词的数一致。 Some of the apples remain green. Most of the money was spent on clothes. All was quiet in the street. All of the people have gone. Tw
16、o thirds of these tasks have been done.模拟训练 I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.Neither you nor I _ （have）been to Hawaii Before. 2.Not only you but also Tom _ （have）passed the exam. 3.Each of you _ （be）responsible for the accident. 4.Every means _ （have）been tried but without much result. 5.Not only I but also David and Iris _ （be）fond of playing basketball. 5.The gas works _ （be）near the city. 6.Cattle _（be）grazing on the hillside now. 7.The Philip
