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1、高中英语语法高中英语语法句子的成分句子的成分第四章第四章 句子结构及成分句子结构及成分一一.陈述句陈述句, 疑问句疑问句, 祈使句祈使句, 感叹句感叹句.75二二.简单句、并列句和复合句简单句、并列句和复合句.751）简单句：）简单句：.752) 并列句：并列句：.753）复合句：）复合句：.76考点：考点： 两个主谓结构时，要用连接词，变为并列句或复合句两个主谓结构时，要用连接词，变为并列句或复合句.77三三.句子成分句子成分.77四四.简单句的五种基本结构简单句的五种基本结构.87基本句型基本句型 一：一： （主谓）（主谓）.87基本句型基本句型 二：二： （主系表）（主系表）.87基本句
2、型基本句型 三：三： （主谓宾）（主谓宾）.88基本句型基本句型 四：四： （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）.89基本句型基本句型 五：五： （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）.906. There be 句型句型 .91练习练习 ：划分句子成分练习：划分句子成分练习.92第四章第四章句子结构及成分句子结构及成分一一.陈述句陈述句, 疑问句疑问句, 祈使句祈使句, 感叹句感叹句 句子按用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）： He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like ska
3、ting? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：表示命令或者请求. 又叫无主句，主语通常为 you,省略. Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class 4）感叹句：how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what 后面加上的是名词. How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!二二.简单句、并列句和复合句简单句、并列句和复合句 句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1）简单句：）简单句： 只有一个主语（或
4、并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. （划线部分为并列谓语 ，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。）2) 并列句并列句： 由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要 注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同. e.g. You help him and he h
5、elps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then 等连接。 e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有 or, eitheror, otherwise 等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有 but, still, h
6、owever, yet, while, when 等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有 so, for, therefore 等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3）复合句）复合句： 复合句含有两个或两个以上
7、主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。（而并列句 的两个主谓结构间是并列关系， 而不是从属关系）。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从 句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。 1.It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句） 2.What he said is wrong. （what he said,是一个主谓结构，he 为主语，said 为谓语，what 是宾语。What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构。What he said 作主语，is wrong 系表结构作谓语
8、。因此， 本句是复合句。What he said 是名词性从句作主语） 。 3.The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句） 4.The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother. （The boy is my brother.是一个主谓结构 who is wearing a hat 也是一个主谓结构，作了 前一个主谓结构中主语 the boy 的定语。因此本句是复合句。 ） 5.I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句） 6.I was doing m
9、y homework when he came in.（I was doing my homework 是一个主谓结构， he came in 也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语。因此是复合 句。练习： 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there? 4. My brother and
10、 I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 11. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. 12. It is the time of year for the rice ha
