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1、模块模块 5 第第 1-2 单元语法单元语法 现在分词和过去分词的区别知多少？现在分词和过去分词的区别知多少？山东山东 刘永科刘永科现在分词和过去分词都是非谓语动词，现在分词的形式是 V + ing，过去分词形式是V+ed. 现在分词和过去分词都可以在句中可以作定语，表语，宾补。但是，它们有差别吗？差别在哪里？请看：一、现在分词作定语 VS 过去分词作定语Cholera was then a terrifying disease, and so many terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 霍乱在当时是一种令人可怕的疾
2、病，因此每当其爆发时那么多受惊吓的人都死去。(a disease that was terrifying; people who got terrified)The man writing on the blackbaord is our new English teacher. 那位在黑板上写字的人是我们新来的英语老师。(The man who is writing)This is a writing desk. 这是一张写字台。(a desk for writing)This is a written message. 这是一纸书写的短信。(a message which was writ
3、ten on a piece of paper)Do you know the man writing a notice over there? 你认识正在那儿写通知的人吗？(the man who is writing a notice over there)Have you read the notice written by our headmaster? 你看过我们校长写的那条通知了吗？( the notice which was written by our headmaster)Look out! This is boiling water. 当心，这是滚开的水。(water th
4、at is boiling)Please give me some boiled water to drink.请给我点开过的水喝。(water that has boiled)China is a developing country, while the U.S. is a developed country. 中国是一个发展中国家，然而美国是一个发达国家。(China is a country that is developing. The U.S. is a country that has already developed.)二、现在分词作表语 VS 过去分词作表语The tige
5、r looked frightening, but the small boy wasnt frightened at all. 老虎看起来令人恐惧，但这个男孩一点都不害怕。Tom became annoyed because the noise was very annoying. 汤姆变得很苦恼，因为噪音令人烦恼。The game was very exciting, and all the audience became excited. 比赛激动人心，所有观众都变得兴奋不已。三、现在分词作宾补 VS 过去分词作宾补They saw a snake biting the farmer.
6、他们看见一条蛇在咬那个农民。They saw the farmer bitten by a snake. 我看见那个农民被蛇咬了。We found the policeman following a thief. 我发现那个警察跟着一小偷。We found the thief followed by a policeman. 我发现那个小偷被一警察跟着。I heard Mary singing an English song in the next room. 我听见玛丽正在隔壁唱一首英文歌曲。I often hear this song sung by the nursery childre
7、n. 我经常听到这首歌被幼儿园的孩子们唱过。四、 “be + 现在分词”构成进行时 VS “be + 过去分词”构成被动语态They are planting trees in the garden. 他们正在花园里植树。Many trees are planted in the garden every year. 每年都有许多树种植在花园里。The workers are making bicycles in the workshop now. 工人们正在车间里制造自行车。Thousands of bicycles are made every year. 每年，成千上万的自行车被生产出来
8、。需要说明的是，由于动名词和现在分词都是“动词 + ing 形式”构成，所以，当代英语语法不再把动名词和现在分词分开，而是统称为“动词-ing 形式” 。此外，请看下面几个含有“动词-ing 形式”的有趣句子： 1. They are visiting scientists. 这句话有两种意思：如果 visiting 作定语，那么，意思是“他们是来访问的科学家。 ” 如果句子是现在进行时，那么，意思是“他们正在拜访科学家们。 ” 2. Her job is looking after children. 她的工作是照料孩子。 “动词-ing 形式”作表语，is 是系动词，这时，主语和表语可以颠
9、倒而意思不变： Looking after children is her job. 照料孩子是她的工作。 3. She is looking after children. 她正在照料孩子。 be 和“动词-ing 形式”构成进行时，所以我们不能说： Looking after children is she. 模块模块 5 第第 1-2 单元语法练习单元语法练习一、选词填空：一、选词填空：1. The result they got was _. (surprising, surprised) 2. They were _ (surprising, surprised) at the ne
10、ws.3. He told us the _ (exciting, excited) news. 4. The _ (exciting, excited) pupils jumped with joy.5. The boy answered in a _ (frightening, frightened) voice.6. The weather in this summer has been _ (disappointing, disappointed).7. He was _ (disappointing, disappointed) to hear that they were not
11、coming.8. The situation is quite _ (encouraging, encouraged).9. The villagers were greatly _(encouraging, encouraged).10. The story was very _ (moving, moved) and the children were deeply _ (moving, moved).答案：答案：1. surprising 2. surprised 3. exciting 4. excited 5. frightened 6. disappointing 7. disa
12、ppointed 8. encouraging 9. encouraged 10. moving; moved二、用所给动词的正确形式完成下列句子：二、用所给动词的正确形式完成下列句子：1. These plastic bottles _ (use) can be recycled.2. Do you know the number of books _ (order)?3. I dont know the doctor_ (seat) at the back. 4. The goods _ (import) from abroad remain in good condition.5. Th
13、ose _ (laugh) at others are considered impolite.6. Anyone _ (swim) in this river will be punished.7. Tell the children _ (play) there not to make too much noise.8. The old lady used to live in a house_ (face) east.9. Do you know the boys _(play) football over there?10. Football is a good game _ (pla
14、y) by boys in schools.11. We met a group of children _ (return) from school.12. What are you going to do with the letters _ (return) this morning?13. His lecture got us_ (think) a lot. 14. He got his bike _ (repair) just now. 15. She saw the hunter _ (kill) the bear.16. She saw the hunter _ (kill) b
15、y the bear.17. We heard the man _(sing) a song in German next door.18. We heard the song _ (sing) in German many times.19. He watched the bed _ (carry) out of the door. 20. He felt a great weight _ (take) off his mind. 答案：答案：1. used 2. ordered 3. seated 4. imported 5. laughing 6. swimming 7. playing 8. facing 9. playing 10. played 11. returning 12. returned 13. thinking 14. repaired 15. killing 16. killed 17. singing 18. sung 19. carried 20. taken（山东省潍坊第七中学（山东省潍坊第七中学 刘永科）刘永科）
