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1、 中考资源网中考资源网中考资源网期待您的投稿！- 1 -直接引语和间接引语细解直接引语和间接引语细解一、直接引语和间接引语的定义 1. 直接引语：别人直接说的话，一般直接放在引号内。如：(1) My mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, then you can play with your friends.” (2) Our teacher said, “Class is over, we should have a rest.” 2. 间接引语：用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引 语应
2、该是：(1) My mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends. (2) Our teacher said class was over and we should have a rest. 二、直接引语与间接引语的变化 直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told 等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间 接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。 有下面几种情况： 1. 现在时间推移到过去时
3、间 所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行 时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。例如：She said, “I am hungry.” She said (that) she was hungry. Vince said, “I have found whats wrong with the computer.” Vince said he had found what was wrong with the computer. 在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即： (1) 当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等
4、内容时： He said, “The word laser is an acronym(首字母缩略词).” He said the word laser is an acronym. (2) 当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：“Im forty,” he said. He said he is forty. (3) 当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go.” He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go. He said
5、, “You mustnt smoke in the room.” He said I mustnt smoke in the room. 2. 过去时间推移到过去的过去 这里需要注意以下几点： (1) 当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成体。例如：He said, “I didnt know you.” He said he hadnt known me.当“过去的过去”已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所 转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。例如：Ann said, “She was born in 1981.” Ann said she
6、was born in 1981. (2) 过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时，也可以不变。例如：Robert said, “I was joking with Mary.” Robert said he had been joking with Mary.Robert said he was joking with M 中考资源网中考资源网中考资源网期待您的投稿！- 2 -(3) 过去完成时仍为过去完成时，不需改变。例如：He said, “We hadnt returned to the store when she came.” He said they hadnt returned to
7、 the store when she came. (4) 时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。例如：John said, “When I lived in London I often saw Jane.” John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane. 3. 将来时间推移到过去将来时间 最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。例如：He said, “Were spending next weekend at home.” He said they were spending the ne
8、xt weekend at home. They said, “Were going to Hawaii this summer vacation.” They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation. 但是，在引述时，如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间，那么，可以不 推移到过去将来时间。例如：He said, “Ill be waiting for you tomorrow.” He said he will be waiting for me tomorrow. 4. 人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化 由
9、上面的例子可以看出，当直接引语变成间接引语时，除动词时态变化外，人称代词、 限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化。 (1) 人称代词，除引述本人原话外，通常第一、二人称变为第三人称，或者第二人称变 为第一人称；限定词也作相应的变化。例如：He said, “We love our country.” He said they love their county. (2) 指示代词 this，these 分别变成 that/it，those/they 或 them；指示限定词 this，those 通常变为 that，those 或 the。例如：“This house is very
10、 expensive,” she said. She said that house was very expensive.(3) 时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况： a. 时间状语和动词时态两者都变。例如：He said, “It was completes a year ago.” He said it had been completed a year before. b. 时间状语不变，动词时态可变可不变。例如：She said, “We left Paris at 8 a.m.” She said they had left Paris at 8 a.m.She said the
11、y left Paris at 8 a.m. c. 时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定，如果引述时间和说话时间（如同一年、同一 月、同一天等） ，时间状语可不变。例如：Mr. Black said, “We started learning Chinese last month.” Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese last month. （同一月引述） Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese the previous month. （可 在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述）
12、直接引语 间接引语today that day this morning/afternoon that morning/ 中考资源网中考资源网中考资源网期待您的投稿！- 3 -yesterday the day before, the previous day (the) day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day, the following day (the) day after tomorrow two days after, in two days time next week/month the next we
13、ek/month last week/month the week/month before now then (4) 地点状语 here 通常变为 there；但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用 here，也可用具体地点代替 here。例如：She said, “I first met your brother here.” She said she first met my brother there. “Are the children here?” Father asked. Father asked whether the children were here. 三、直接引语
14、和间接引语正误例析1. “Speak English more often in and out of class,” our English teacher said to us. Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class. (误) Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. (正) Our English teacher suggested that
15、 we (should)speak English more often in and out of class. (正) 简析：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带 to 的不定式， 并在不定式的前面根据语气需要使用 ask, tell, order 等动词，其句型是： ask/tell/order someone to do sth.，但是 suggest 不能接不定式作宾补，只能接-ing 形式或从句(从句用虚拟语气)作宾语。 2. “Dont play football on the street, little boys,” the policeman said. The policeman told the little boys di
