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1、定语从句及背诵材料11 the Attributive Clause 定语从句 1.This is our school. 2.We live and study here every day. This is our school, where we live and study every day. This is our school, where we live and study every day. 定语从句的定义和结构 在句子中起定语作用,修饰句子中的名词和代的从句称定语从句. 被修饰的名词或代词称先行词. 定语从句由关系代词(who , whom ,whose which ,
2、that, as) 或关系副词( when, where, why )引导，定 语从句一般位于先行词后，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中担任成分 定语从句三要素先行词 Antecedent 关系词 Relative pronouns 关系词在从句中充当的成分 Relative pronouns used in attributive clauses Relative pronouns used in attributive clausesAntecedentSubjectObjectPossessiveNotepersonswho/thatwhom/ who/thatwhosethingswhic
3、h/ thatwhich/thatwhose/of whichA relative pronoun can be omitted when it is used as the object in an attributive clause定语从句“三步曲”示范 第一步：找出先行词 第二步：划分定语从句 This is the book which I bought last week. My father is an engineer who works very hard. 第三步：将先行词代入定语从句 We saw a movie yesterday. I like the movie.
4、I like the movie which we saw yesterday. movie 在定语从句中做 saw 的宾语，因此 which 可以省略 关系词有三个作用：1 引导定语从句 2 代替先行词 3 在定语从句中担当一个成分。 The boy who is reading is Tom. 先行词 关系代词作主语 Hospital is a place where a doctor works. 先行词 关系副词 作状语 Find the sentences with attributive clauses from the reading passage of unit 4 背诵以下
5、 7 个 Unit 4 定语从句 1 But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. (P26L8) 2 It was felt in Beijing, which is more than 200 kilometers away. (P26L11) 3 A huge crack that was 8 kilometers long and 30 meters wide cut across houses, roads and
6、 canals. (P26L12) 4 The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. (P26L16) 5 Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tang Shan. (P26L24) 6 The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to
7、bury the dead. (P26L31) 7 Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. (P26L35)who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. whom 指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to wh
8、om I nodded is Professor Li. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year. Is this the library from which you borrow books? that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man. I told you about him. He i
9、s the man (that) I told you about. whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。whose 多指人，也可指 物，指物时可与 of which 互换使用。 This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue. 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等指物的不定代词时。 I am sure she has something (t
10、hat) you can borrow. The boy put everything that he likes in a box. 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时。 Ive read all the books that are not mine. All things that he put into the box belongs to him. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, the next 修饰时。 This is the
11、first book (that) he has read. The only thing that I can do now is to read the book. He is the very man that can do the job. that 和 which 在指物时一般可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 只用 that 而不用 which 4.先行词既有人又有物。 The people and things that he met were strange to him. 5.当主句是以 which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句。 Who is the girl (that) dr
12、ove the car? Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night? 当定语从句中套有定语从句，其中一个已经用了 which, 后面的关系代词要用 that。 They visited a factory which produced things that sold well. 当先行词是主句的表语，关系代词又是从句的表语时，用 that 不用 who 和 which。 He is not the naughty boy that he used to be. 介词后,用 whom 指人, which 指物。若用 that 则必须把介词放在句尾. This is the bridge under/on/on one end of/near which I had my photo taken. This is the house in which my father once lived. 非限定性定语从句, 用 who 指人, which
