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1、2011 年高考英语阅读理解分类汇编科普知识11.（2011陕西卷）陕西卷）DEver since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM, 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM
2、 technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would, is it the best solution?Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any crop. In fact studies show that the most grown GM crop, GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance,
3、a report that analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by sa
4、ving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）. On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But nether is true,” said Bill Christison, Presid
5、ent of the US National Farm Coalition.At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve o
6、ur efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.As a matter of fact, scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer
7、to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.57. The author develops the second paragraph mainly . A. by classification B. by comparison C. by example D. by process 58. What does the underline
8、d word “boost ” in the third paragraph probably mean? A. Control. B. Evaluate C. Obtain. D. Increase.59. GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from _. A. practicing “green” farming B. use of less chemicals C. fair distribution of their crops D. using more crops for fuel60. Which of the
9、 following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?A. Optimistic B. Defensive C. Disapproving D. Casual2.（2011重庆卷）重庆卷）CGetting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people th
10、ought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the
11、king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
12、Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that sta
13、ndards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents
14、 nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American 2011 年高考英语阅读理解分类汇编科普知识2immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is g
15、aining some ground.64. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment. B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease65.Which of the following best describes Henry IVs attitude to bathing?A. Afraid. B. Curious. C. Approving. D. Uninterested.66. How does the passage mainly develop?A. By providing examples. B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of tim
