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1、英文合同常用虚词（Usual Function Words）1 Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词 基本规则：Here 代表 this，there 代表 that，where 代表 which 或 what 即 here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or whatHereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the followin
2、g conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下：Herein：in this。此中，于此。 例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最 低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called 连用。 例句：This Agreement is made and concluded on _, (dat
3、e)_(year), by and between _(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本协议书于_年_月_日由_（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_(以下 简称乙方)为另一方签订。Hereof：of this 关于此点，在本文件中。Hereunder：under this. 本文件规定。例句：Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties w
4、ith respect to the application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.合同双方就本合同规定交易任一条款的适用和解释所产生的所有争议同意力求 通过友好协商予以解决。Hereto：to this.本文件的。Thereof：of that.它的，其。Thereto：to that 与之，向那里。 例句：“Licensed Products” means the devices and products described in
5、 Schedule 1 annexed hereto together with all improvement and modification thereof or development with respect thereto. “特许产品”系指在本协议附件 1 中所述的装置和产品，及其全部改进和修改的产 品和与之相关的产品。Herewith：with this.与此，附此。Thereby：by that means.因此，由此，从而 例句：In any one or more of the provisions contained in this Contract or any do
6、cument executed in connection herewith shall be invalid of unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected thereby.如果根据现行法律，本合同及与此有关文件中有一项或多 项条款被视为无效或不能履行，本合同其余条款的效力和履行将不因此受影响。Thereaf
7、ter: after that，afterwards.此后。 例句：The Contract for the contractual joint venture shall continue from a period o two years thereafter.本合作经营企业合同，此后应持续有效两年。Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那里；在那点上；在那方面。 例句：The Leased Premises are deemed to be fit for occupation when the bu
8、ilding therein is substantially completed.当在那里的建筑物实质完成时，该租赁房屋才认为适合占有居住。Therewith：with that.以此；此外。 例句：The Employer shall indemnify and save harmless the Contractor against and from the same and against and from all claims, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses whatsoever arising there out
9、 or in connection therewith.业主应赔偿所有索赔、诉讼、损害赔 偿、支出、花费、费用，不论因本合同产生或与其相关，并保证承包人免于承担上述责任。Whereby: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc. 凭此协议，凭此条款 等。 例句：This Agreement is made and concluded by and between AA Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and BB Company (hereinaf
10、ter referred to as Party B) whereby the Parties hereto agree to enter into the compensation trade under the terms and conditions set forth below: 本协议由 AA 公司（以下简称甲方）和 BB 公司（以下简称乙方）签订。双方同意按 下列条款进行补偿贸易。 （本句中省略未译）WITNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore, NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, Know All Men by these prese
11、nts，In witness Whereof, In Testimony Whereof, Undersigned. WITHNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore 用于英文合同前言部分，In witness Whereof 用于合 同结尾证明部分，在第二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及，恕不赘述。In Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof.以此为证，特立此证。 例句：In Testimony Whereof we have hereto signed this Document on _ (date) accepted on _ (dat
12、e).我方于_年_月_日签署本文件，并于_年_月_日接受该文件，特此为 证。NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS: 兹特立约为据, 本句话也是用于 WHEREAS 条款之后引出具 体协议事项。 例句：NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows: 兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:根据本文件，特此宣布。 （通常用于前言部分） 例句：KNOW ALL MEN by these pres
13、ents that we_(banks name)having our registered office at _ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto _(the Owners name)(hereinafter called “the Owner”) in the sum of _ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, the Bank will bind itself, its successors and better assignee by t
14、hese presents.根据本文件，兹宣布，我行， （银行名称） ，其注册地点在（以下简称本银行）向 （业主名称） （以下简称本业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对本银行及 其继受人和受让人均具有约束力。Undersigned:法律文件末尾的签名者,前面加定冠词 the,是指文件签署者的自称。 例句：The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as fol
15、lows:兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按 下列条款，达成这笔交易。Notwithstanding: in spite of, despite. 即使，尽管。 例 1：Notwithstanding any other provisions to the contrary herein, insurance coverage and limits shall be subject to approval of all the parties.即使有与本合同相悖的规定，保险范围和 责任限制应以合同各方同意为准。例 2：Notwithstanding Article 2.2, the parties m
16、ay agree to extend the Expiration date to such date as is reasonable in the circumstances if any of the conditions precedent referred to in Article 2.1 is not satisfied or waived on or before the Expiration Date, any such agreement or waiver to be in writing. 尽管有本合同第二条第二款规定，如上述第二条第一款规定的先决 条件在合同期满日之前既未实现又未放弃，合同各方亦可根据具体情况，约定合理延长合 同的期满日。As合同英语中 as 出现的频率极高，而且用法灵活多变，是典型的自由人。在某种意义上讲， as 使用的熟练程度可以衡量合同英语的造诣。具体用法和含义见以下实例：
