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1、统考大学英语 B 阅读理解1、The dark smoke that comes out of stacks(大烟囱) or from a burning dump(垃圾) contains tiny bits of solid or liquid matter. The smoke also contains many gases, most of which cannot be seen. Altogether, they make up the serious problems of air pollution. In so many places it keeps us from se
2、eing the sun, irritate(刺痛) our eyes, causes us to cough and makes us ill.Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow“ from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fa
3、llen with the snow. So air pollution is a global problem. It can kill babies, older people and those who have respiratory(呼吸) disease. In 1952, four thousands people die in one week as a result of a serious air pollution breakout in London. In 1948 in a small town of Pennsylvania, 20 people died in
4、a four - day period of air pollution. As often found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of lung disease, such as bronchitis and asthma. Of course, smoking and other factors help to cause these illnesses, too, but these causes have increased greatly during recent years as air pollution has
5、become worse. 在大烟囱和焚烧的垃圾中冒出的黑烟里包含有很多微小的固体和液态物质。黑烟里还 含有很多气体，大部分是肉眼看不到的。这些物质聚集在一起就会造成严重的空气污染问 题。在很多地方它会遮天蔽日，刺痛我们的眼睛，致使人们咳嗽和生病。 空气污染会在城市与城市之间传播。甚至会在国家间扩散。一些北欧国家曾下黑色的 雪，就是因为其他国家产生的污染物质通过空气流动最后在这些国家随降雪一起到地面。 所以说空气污染是一个全球性问题。它会导致婴儿，老人和患有呼吸类疾病的人群死亡。 1952年，英国伦敦爆发的严重空气污染导致1周内死亡了4000人。1948年，在美国宾夕法尼 亚州的一个小镇4天的
6、空气污染导致了20人死亡。在许多城市中发现空气污染会增加肺病的 发生率，如支气管炎和哮喘。当然吸烟和其他因素也会导致这些疾病，但是这些因素也正 是随着越来越严重的空气污染而显著增加的。(1)、Which of the following is NOT true about the “black snow“ incident?A：It happened in the northern European countries.B：It happened there because air pollution in these countries was most serious.C：Pollutan
7、ts that fell with snow made it dirty.D：It is a global problem.答案：B解析：根据第二段，可知黑雪是因为“其他国家”产生的污染物质通过空气流动最后在这些国家随降雪一起到地面。B说的是这些国家的空气污染严重，所以错误。题目翻译：关于黑雪下面哪个不正确？B：因为这些国家的空气污染十分严重。(2)、Who can be killed by air pollution?A：Earth and plants.B：Stones and birds.C：Those who suffer from respiratory illnesses.D：Bo
8、th A and C.答案：C解析;根据第二段可知，空气污染会导致婴儿，老人和呼吸病患者死亡，选C。题目翻译：空气污染会导致谁死亡？C：呼吸病患者。(3)、How many people died of air pollution in Pennsylvania in 1948?A：4,000.B：20.C：None.D：4020.答案：B解析：根据第二段，1948年，在美国宾夕法尼亚州的一个小镇4天的空气污染导致了20人死亡， 选B 题目翻译：1948年宾夕法尼亚州因为空气污染死亡多少人？ B：20人。(4)、What are bronchitis and asthma?A：Differen
9、t types of headaches.B：Lung disease.C：Heart diseases.D：Different types of stomach aches.答案：B解析：根据第二段，在许多城市中发现空气污染会增加肺病的发生率，如支气管炎和哮喘，可知例如后面的两种病属于肺病。故选B。题目翻译：bronchitis and asthma是指什么病？ B：肺病(5)、According to the passage, air pollution increases peoples chance of getting _?A：Headache.B：A lung disease.C：
10、Stomachache.D：Nervous breakdown.答案：B解析：第二段末说在许多城市中发现空气污染会增加肺病的发生率，如支气管炎和哮喘，故选B题目翻译：根据文章空气污染会增加什么病的发生率？B：肺病。2、As long as the sun shines, the earth will not run out of energy. The sun pours more energy on earth than we can ever use. Most of that energy comes to us as heat and light. Energy from the su
11、n is called solar energy.Anything to do with the sun is called “solar“. The word began with the Roman word for the sun and their god of the sun, who was called Sol. Solar energy is a safe kind of energy. It doesnt make pollution or have dangerous leftovers. That is why scientists and investors are e
12、xperimenting with ways of harnessing（治理利用）the sun to do some of the jobs fossil fuels have been doing. But to make the sun do work like that, they have to solve some problems. They have to collect the suns energy. Collecting sunshine is not easy, unless you are a plant. Sunshine is not easy to store
13、, either. You cant fill a tank with it or put it in the wood box. You can not move it through a pipe or a wire. You can not just turn it on. 只要太阳在燃烧，地球就不会出现能源枯竭。太阳给地球输入了足够的能量，远远超 过了我们现在所利用到的。大部分能量是通过光和热传播给地球的。来自太阳的能量我们 称之为太阳能。 与太阳相关的的所有我们都形容为solar。该单词来源于罗马词，尊称太阳和太阳神 Sol。太阳能是一种安全能源，无污染也不会有残渣。这就是很多科学家
14、和发明家一直尝试 利用太阳能，用以替代现在的化石能源的原因。 但是想要太阳能来替代化石能源，有些问题必须解决。首先必须得收集太阳能。收集 太阳光并不容易。除非你是一株植物。太阳光也很难储存。人们无法像储水一样造个大罐 子来储存太阳光，木箱子之类更是不切实际的。它还无法通过管子和电线传播，也不是仅 仅启动它那么简单。(1)、What form does most of solar energy take to reach us?A：Light.B：Heat.C：gas.D：both A and B.答案：D解析：根据第一段，“大部分能量是通过光和热传播给地球的”，故选D。题目翻译：太阳能通过什么
15、形式传给地球的？D：A是光，B是热量。(2)、Where does the word “solar“ come from?A：Greek.B：Roman.C：Old English.D：Chinese.答案：B解析;根据第二段开始，该单词来源于罗马词，故选B题目翻译：SOLAR这个单词来源于哪里？B：罗马。(3)、Which of the following is NOT true of solar energy?A：It is a safe energy.B：It is a green energy.C：It may cause pollution to the air.D：It is en
16、dless.答案：C解析;通读全文，可知太阳能是安全，无污染和用之不竭的，故选C。题目翻译：关于太阳能下列哪个叙述不正确？C：它会导致空气污染。(4)、What are the problems facing scientists who want to use solar energy?A：It is not easy to collect.B：It is not easy to store.C：It is not easy to find out.D：both A and B.答案：D解析：根据最后一段可知收集和储存太阳能是两大难题，故选D题目翻译：科学家们就关于利用太阳能问题遇到的难题是什么？D：A和B，不容易收集和不容易储存。(5)、What is the writers purpose of writing the passage?A：To give a brief introduction to solar energy.B：To explain the reason why it is not easy
