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1、11. IntroductionIntercultural communication is a form of global communication. It is used to describe the wide range of communicative problems that naturally appear within an organization made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. It seeks to unders
2、tand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them.For the world today is characterized by an ever growing number of contacts resulting in communication between people with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds, various cultural conflict
3、s in communication appear nearly everywhere in the communication between people from different cultural background. It is urgent for researchers to be aware of those conflicts and try different communicative methods to solve them in order to have a better communication in different social affairs. T
4、he writer does several research about different bibliography and make a conclusion from those documents in intercultural communication with the aim of finding effective methods to solve Chinese-Western cultural conflicts in intercultural communication.The paper describes five types of cultural confl
5、icts in intercultural communication and offers three strategies of dealing with these cultural conflicts. It first focuses on culture because it has a significant influence on intercultural communication. The definition and characteristics are both mentioned. Then we comes to five different types of
6、 cultural conflicts. They are affective conflict, cognitive conflict, value conflict, goal conflict and conflict of interest. Next we have the analysis of causes of those cultural conflicts. At last, the essay offers two strategies and two skills for dealing with cultural conflicts. They are clearne
7、ss with conflicts, familiarity with other cultures, planning and asking questions 22. CultureIntercultural communication may be said to occur when people of different cultural backgrounds interact, but this definition seems simplistic. To properly define intercultural communication, it is necessary
8、to understand the world “culture”, for culture is often considered the core concept in intercultural communication.2.1 DefinitionWu and Yan (2009) said that, culture belongs to the mental wealth and the material wealth which are created by human. However, what is the correct definition of culture? D
9、efinitions of culture are numerous. E. B. Tylor, for example, a nineteenth-century anthropologist who provided one of the earliest formal definitions of the term, describes culture as “that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habi
10、ts acquired by man as a member of society” (Lustig rather, it is learned. “All of us are born with basic needs needs that create and shape behavior but how we go about meeting those needs and developing behaviors to cope with them is learned.” (Porter, Samovar they simply eat with fork in one hand a
11、nd knife in the other. Another example is that: while Americans and Japanese share a need to be loved, Americans tend to express feelings of love more overtly, while Japanese are taught to be more restrained. So, when we are born, we do not know how to be a male or a female, American or Chinese, and
12、 so on; rather, we are taught. We have to learn how to eat, walk, talk, and love like other members of our cultural groups and we usually do so slowly and subconsciously, through a process of socialization. For example, a Chinese child adopted by an American family will embrace American cultural val
13、ues; likewise, a Korean child raised by a Japanese family will exhibit Japanese cultural values.42.2.2. Culture is SharedCulture is shared. Culture is an attribute not of individuals per se but of individuals as members of groups. It becomes a group experience because it is shared with people who li
14、ve in and experience the same social environments. So our perceptions are similar to those of other individuals who belong to the same cultural groups. Culture is transmitted in society. We learn our culture by observing, listening, talking, and interacting with many other people. Shared beliefs, va
15、lues, memories, and expectations link people who grow up in the same culture. For example, according to Varner and Beamer (2005: 29), white Americans seem to share a perception that things are getting better for African Americans and that racial attitudes and interactions are improving. By contrast,
16、 many African Americans share a perception that, while equality between races has improved, there is still a long way to go. We share our opinions and beliefs with many other people and we are most likely to agree with and feel comfortable with people who are socially economically, and culturally similar to ourselves. This is one reason why Chinese abroad tend to socialize with each other, just as Americans and British do when they are abroad. Birds of a feather flock together, but for p
