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1、默认情况下帧中继网络是无法运行默认情况下帧中继网络是无法运行 OSPFOSPF 协议的，为什么？协议的，为什么？【原因】：帧中继（fram-relay）网络属于非广播型多路访问，而 OSPF 协议规定路由器之间的 Hello 包是通过组播来传输（组播也属于非广播类型）因此帧中继上默认情况是无法运行 OSPF 协议的。下面有下面有 4 4 种解决方法：种解决方法：方法一，手工设置 ospf 网络类型为广播型，在指定 fram-relay map 时 设置为 broadcast （Fram-relay 广播）方法二，默认非广播类型，使用 neighbor 手工指定邻居，并且手工指定 DR 为中心路
2、由器 （fram-relay 非广播）方法三，手工设置 OSPF 网络类型为：点到多点型广播型，在指定 fram- relay map 时设置为 broadcast （fram-relay 点对多点广播）方法四：手工设置 OSPF 网络类型为：点到多点非广播，使用 neighbor 手工指定邻居 （fram-relay 点对多点非广播）再看解决方法之前，先理解以下内容再看解决方法之前，先理解以下内容1. OSPF 中的“neighborneighbor” 可以手动指定邻居路由器的 IP 地址，使得它不 用组播也能和邻居交换路由信息。 2. 哪些网络需要选举 DR，哪些网络不用选举 DROSPF
3、OSPF 网络类型网络类型 特征特征 是否选举是否选举 DRDR广播型多路访问 以太网、令牌环或 FDDI 是非广播型多路访问 帧中继、X.25、SMDS 是点对点 PPP、HDLC 否点对多点 由管理员配置 否3.fram-relay map 中 broadcast 关键词允许路由器通过指定的 DLCI 号 将广播分组分送给所映射的路由器【实验拓扑】：中心-分支帧中继网络拓扑结构方法一，手工设置 ospf 网络类型为广播型，在指定 fram-relay map 时 设置为 broadcastR1: interface L0 ip address 1.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 ! int
4、erface Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-relayip ospf network broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.4 104 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.5 105 broadcast ! router ospf 1 network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0 R4: interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 4.0.0.4 255.0.0.0 ! interf
5、ace Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.4 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network broadcast ip ospf priority 0 frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.1 401 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.5 401 no frame-relay inverse-arp ! router ospf 1 network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0R5: interface Ethernet0/0 ip a
6、ddress 5.0.0.5 255.0.0.0 ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.5 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network broadcast ip ospf priority 0 frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.1 501 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.4 501 no frame-relay inverse-arp ! router ospf 1 network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 are
7、a 0方法二，默认非广播类型，使用 neighbor 手工指定邻居，并且手工指定 DR 为中心路由器R1: interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 1.0.0.1 255.0.0.0! interface Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.4 104 frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.5 105 ! router ospf 1 network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
8、 neighbor 10.0.0.4 neighbor 10.0.0.5 R4: interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 4.0.0.4 255.0.0.0 ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.4 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf priority 0 frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.1 401 frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.5 401 no frame-relay inverse-arp ! router ospf 1 netw
9、ork 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0 R5: interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 5.0.0.5 255.0.0.0 ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.5 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf priority 0 frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.1 501 frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.4 501 no frame-relay inverse-arp ! router ospf 1 networ
10、k 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0方法三，手工设置 OSPF 网络类型为：点到多点型广播型，在指定 fram- relay map 时设置为 broadcastR1:interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 1.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.4 104 broad
11、cast frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.5 105 broadcast ! router ospf 1 network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0 R4: interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 4.0.0.4 255.0.0.0 ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.4 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.1 4
12、01 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arp ! router ospf 1 network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0 R5: interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 5.0.0.5 255.0.0.0 ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.5 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.1 501 broa
13、dcast no frame-relay inverse-arp ! router ospf 1 network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0方法四：手工设置 OSPF 网络类型为：点到多点非广播，使用 neighbor 手工指定邻居R1: interface Ethernet0/0ip address 1.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
14、 non-broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.4 104 frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.5 105 ! router ospf 1 network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0 neighbor 10.0.0.5 neighbor 10.0.0.4 R4: interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 4.0.0.4 255.0.0.0 ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.4 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-rel
15、ay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.1 401 no frame-relay inverse-arp ! router ospf 1 network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0 R5: interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 5.0.0.5 255.0.0.0 ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 10.0.0.5 255.0.0.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.1 501 no frame-relay inverse-arp ! router ospf 1 network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
