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1、 第 1 页 共 9 页2013 届高三英语名校试题巨献（学生版）届高三英语名校试题巨献（学生版）第第 8 讲讲 情态动词及虚拟语气专题情态动词及虚拟语气专题情态动词的解题技巧：情态动词的解题技巧：(1) 认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。(2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。(3) 要注意把握时间概念。A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed根据题干中所给出的时间 last week 可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除
2、 A、C 两项，再结合could have done 表示虚拟语气以及与前面的 I dont think，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为 B 项。情态动词用法归类与高考试题分析：情态动词用法归类与高考试题分析：（一）表示推测的情态动词（一）表示推测的情态动词(1) must 表示推测，意为“一定” ，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done 意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。 例如： She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult aft
3、er all. A. should B. could C. must D. might【解析】句意为：她看上去很高兴，一定是通过了考试。 【答案】C第 2 页 共 9 页(2) should (not) / ought (not) to 在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must 或 cant / couldnt 稍弱。(3) can, could 表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can 用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中 can 只能与动词原形连用；could 用于肯定句中，语气比 may/ might更弱。 You
4、_ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. needntShe _ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. needntIt is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime.A. must B. can C. should D. wouldPeter _
5、be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must(4)may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might 的语气比 may 较婉转。例如： Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling.A. will B. can C. must D. may Although this _ sound like a simple ta
6、sk, great care is needed.A. must B. may C. shall D. shouldI cant find my purse anywhere.You _ have lost it while shopping.A. may B. can C. should D. would（二）表达虚拟语气的情态动词（二）表达虚拟语气的情态动词对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，用情态动词+have done 这一结构，常用的有以下几个情态动词：(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done 本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后
7、悔之第 3 页 共 9 页意。例如：(2) could have done 本来能够做某事但未做。例如：Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed(3) neednt have done 本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意 neednt do 则表达“没有必要去做某事” ，时间上应该是现在或将来。例如：Catherine, I have clean
8、ed the room for you.Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have doneThe boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt(4)would (not) have done 本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件
9、句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如：He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he _ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored【解析】句中 otherwise 为含蓄条件，相当于 if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。 【答案】D(5) might have done 表示“本来
10、可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。例如：(NMET2008 江西)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better.A. need have done B. must have doneC. can have done D. might have done（三）表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词第 4 页 共 9 页例如： -What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?-Well, it _ be big-thats not important.
11、A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont (2) must 的否定形式 mustnt 表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。例如：(2008 上海春)When I was young, I was told that I _ play with matchesA. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darentMay I smoke here ?If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. mustJohn, look at the t
12、ime. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?AMust BCan CMay DNeed2. should(1) should 应该，表示“责任和义务” 。例如：(NMET2008 上海) According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. mayB. can C. wouldD. should(2) 在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示“与将来事实相反的假设”，用 If+主语+ should +动词原形，当“万一(会)”
13、讲。这时可省略 if，将 should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。请看下面的例子： 第 5 页 共 9 页(3) should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思，译为“竟然，竟会” 。例如：You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would3. shall(1) shall 用于第一和第三人称，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。例如：Whats the name?Khulaifi. _ I spell it for
14、 you?A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might(2) 用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、 ”等。例如：Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.You _have my computer if you dont take care of it .A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt(3) shall 也用于宣布法律、规定的要求。例如：How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?A. can B. must C. need D. may 【答案】A(2) can 也可以用来表示请求或许可。例如：Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. _I go out and play with Tom for a while?No, Im afrai
