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1、2012 高考英语考前高考英语考前 10 天语法过一遍天语法过一遍 十一、状语从句十一、状语从句种 类从属连词例 句说 明When wheneverWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时， 他正在写信。 We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我 们就去那里。when 指的是“某一具 体的时间” whenever 指的是“在任 何时间”whenI was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me
2、 on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着，这时忽然有 人从后面拍我的肩膀。when 意为“这时”或 “在那个时候”,可以看 作是并列句,这种用法的 when 分句一般位于句 末。whileWhile it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候，他们出去 了。 I stayed while he was away.他不 在的时候我在。while 指“在某一段时 间里” ， “在期间” ， while 引导的动作必须 是持续性的asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，不时地一
3、边走一 边向后看。as 引导持续性动作，强 调主句和从句的动作同 时发生beforeBe a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。tillWe waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。如主句动词是持续性动 作，常用肯定式，表示 “直到为止”untilShe didnt stop working until eleven oclock .她到 11 点钟才 停止工作。 Until he had pass
4、ed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见 他的身影。如主句动词是瞬间动词， 常用否定式，表示 “直才” “在以前 不”,从句放在句首表示 强调，一般用 until时 间 状 从sinceas soon asGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从 1978 年以来中国发生了巨 大的变化。 As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.我一到上海就给 你写信。状语从句在主句之前时 一般用逗号与主句分开， 如从句在主句之后则不
5、必用标点符号。hardlywhenno soonerthanI had hardly got home when it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下雨了。 =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。 Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就 被叫停。hardlywhen 和 no soonerthan 的意义相 当于 as soo
6、n as,但只表 示过去发生的事情，主 句为过去完成时，从句 为过去时，如 hardly 或 no sooner 位于句首时语 气强，而且主句的谓语 要用部分倒装every time, by the time, the moment 等Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉 快。 Next time you come ,youll see him.下次你来的时候，就会见 到他。在时间状语从句中，不 能用将来时
7、或过去将来 时，而要用现在时或过 去时代替将来时地 点 状 从wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 Where there is water there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。 You are free to go wherever you like.你可以随意到你喜欢的任 何地方去。 Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵 守法律。where 与 wherever 意义 基本相同，但后者语气 较强，多用于书面语becauseI came
8、back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回 来晚了，因为我值班。because 用来回答 why 的问题，语气最强sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都 到了，我们开始开会。since 表示既然或全已知 的理由,稍加分析即可表 明的原因,多放句首原 因 状 从asAs he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .由于他英语懂得不多，他在字 典中查阅这个单词。从句常放在句首，说明
9、 原因，主句说明结果， 常用于口语中。now that, seeing thatNow (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以 启程了。 Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去 请医生去了。seeing (that), now that 和 since, as 意义相似， 他们都有“鉴于某个事 实”的意思，that 可以 省去目的状从thatso thatin order thatlest
10、= for fear thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。Put on more cloth
11、es lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服，以免感冒。目的状语从句中常用情态动词 may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号结果状从so thatsothatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news. 我们把收音机的音量放大，大 家都听到了新闻。 He was so excited that he couldnt say a word. 他十分激动，以致一句话都说 不出来。s
12、o that 前有逗号为结果 状语从句 sothat 的 so 后面跟形 容词或副词suchthatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused. 他说出了这么重要的理由，得 到大家的谅解。 It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it. 这是一本十分有趣的书，大家 都想看。suchthat 的 such 后面 跟名词，如果名词是单 数就要
13、用 such a /anthat 还可以转换用 sothat，语气较强条件状从ifunlessas/so long as in case so far asDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them. 如果我们不怕困难，困难就算 不了什么了。 We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨，我们 明天就去那里。 = We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain. So/As long as you work hard, you will s
14、ucceed. 只要你努力工作，你就一定能 成功。 In case I forget, please remind me about it .万一我忘了，请提 醒我一下。 So far as I know, the book will be published next month. 据我所知，那本书下月出版。unless 从句的谓语只能 用肯定式。unless 和 ifnot 同义，unless 是 书面语，ifnot 是口语， 通常二者可以换用 条件状语从句中的谓语 动词的时态一般要用现 在时或过去时代替一般 将来时或过去将来时方式状从asas if as thoughDraw a cat
15、 as I taught you .按照 我教你的画一只猫。 Do as you are told.按照人家告 诉你做的去做。 She looks as if she is ill.看上去她 好象是生病了。 He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.他的行动就好象 什么也没有发生。 They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal. 他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一 头牲口。此处 as 译为：按照或正 如 as if 或 as though 的意 义和用法基本一样。从 句中可以用现在时表
16、示 可能符合事实，也可以 用虚拟语气although thoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French. 虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始 学习法语 。 We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day. 虽然我们干了一天活，但并不 累。在句子中一般用了“虽 然”就不能再用“但是” （but）但可以与 yet 或 still 连用。though / although 意义相同，用 法基本一样，前者通俗， 口语化，后者正式多放 主句的前面even if,even thoughIll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也 要去。even if 和 even though 的意思为“即使” “纵 使”有退一步设想的意 味，多用于书面语中asCh
