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1、1 英语段落写作 第一节 段落的结构 一、主题句 两个例子： In this world, we should think more of other people than of ourselves. By so doing, our world will be full of happiness. This, of course, is my personal view. But it is a lesson I have drawn from one of my own experience. So now, I would like to share that experience w
2、ith you, my dear reader. 这是一名中国大学生的作文Applause on the Bus中的开头。然而美国编者认为：This is essentially a solid essay. The writer uses an anecdote to make a point Now we just need to give it a good, strong topic sentence using the writers own ideas to form it. 她给这个开头段拟了下面 的主题句： A little girl taught me, and a busf
3、ul of people, an important lesson about the importance of thinking more of other people than of ourselves. One day I took a very crowded bus to school 在另外一篇作文Part of My Childhood中，作者开头是这样写的： In my childhood, there were so many things that were worth calling to mind. Some made me happy, some made me
4、excited, and some made me sad. But among them was an unforgettable thing, when I think of it, my good friend Tong Tong will occur to me. 美国编者认为： This is a moving story about friends who have quarreled. It needs a good topic sentence to bring the reader into the feelings and message the writer wants
5、to convey. 这位美国编者提供了这样的开头： One of the most unforgettable experiences of my childhood involves my good friend Tong Tong. It happened when I was eight years old. 主题句的位置 1）主题句在段首 下面是几个相应的例子：2 Jane and Karen have many things in common. To begin with, both girls have the same background. Jane was born an
6、d raised in the West, and so was Karen. Next, both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects in school. Jane likes French, history, and English. In the same way, Karen likes Spanish, history and English. Furthermore, both girls want to be teachers. Jane plans to become an elementary school
7、teacher. But Karen wants to be a high school teacher. As you can see, the two girls are almost like twins. Even when we are very careful in the things we do each day, the risk of loss and injury is always with us. Starting the day with a shower, we risk slipping and falling through the glass door. R
8、iding to work, we risk collision. While we are away from our homes, the risk of fire and burglary is greater. Going to school, our children risk being injured. We also loss through unintentional actions of our own that might injure others. Such events may occur regardless of how careful we may try t
9、o be, and they can cost us a lot of money. Rather than taking the chance of being wiped out financially, we transfer some or our risks to others, we buy insurance. Eating lunch is one of my favorite pastimes. Because lunch comes in the middle of the day, it gives me a welcome break from studying. At
10、 school, lunch means thirty minutes out of class and a chance to rest after the mornings work. While eating, I can plan what Im going to do in the afternoon. And besides offering a pleasant break in the day, lunch is always a good meal. 2）主题句在段落中间 The officers of most doctors today are overloaded wi
11、th people who are convinced that something dreadful is about to happen to them. At the first sign of pain they run to a doctor, failing to realize that pain is rarely an indication or poor health. We are becoming a nation of pill-grabbers and hypochondriacs who regard the slightest ache as a searing
12、 ordeal. Instead of attacking the most common causes of pain such as tension, worry, boredom, frustration, insufficient sleep, overeating, poor diets, smoking, or excessive drinking, too many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillers - aspirins, barbiturates, codeine, tranquilizers, slee
13、ping pills, and dozens of other desensitizing drugs. Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. But they are very different in their ways of life. Mobility - both physical and psychological- has made a great impression on the c
14、ulture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders. 3）主题句在段落末尾 At the beginning of a writing course, many students earn low grades because they are inexperienced writers. They simply dont know how to write an effective essay, and in the process of lear
15、ning to do so, they make mistakes - and low grades. Such grades affect the students confidence and morale, making writing an unpleasant task associated with anxiety and failure. As a result, students are discouraged; instead of working seriously on their 3 writing, they spend time worrying about the
16、 easiest way to earn a better grade on the next paper- usually by writing “safe” papers that are simple and correct but lacking in thought. Therefore, the assigning of traditional grades in a freshman writing course often works against the purpose of the course - to help students learn to write better. Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted because Americ
