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1、（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态 ,但其结果却和现在 有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在 . I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了 .) Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了 .) Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的 ,持续到现在的动作（用行 为动词表示）或状态（ be 动词表示）常与 for（+时间段）,since（+时间
2、点或过去时 的句子）连用. for+时段 为。时间 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从 以来） since+时段+ago since+从句（过去时） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose）不能直接与 for since 连用。要改 变动词 come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead
3、Buy-have Fall ill-be ill Come back-be back Put on -be on/wear Worry-be worried Catch a cold-have a cold 1.have代替 buy My brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep或 have 代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be替代 become How long has
4、 your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear代替 put on b)用“be形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried 代 marry 2、beill 代 fall (get) ill 3、bedead代 die 4、beasleep 代 fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代 wake/wake up 6、begone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen
5、代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代 lose c)用“be副词”代终止性动词 1“beon”代 start,begin 2“beup”代 get up 3“beback(to)”代 return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代 come(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等 d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替 go to /come to 2.用
6、be in the army 代替 join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替 move to 编辑本段 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相应的介词 2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out 4. have become have been 5. ha
7、ve closed / opened have been closed/opened 6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have been dead； 8. have left sw. have been away from sw. 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed have been over； 11. havemarried have been married； 12. have started/beg
8、un to do sth. have done sth. ； 13. have begun have been on 14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had 16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold； 18. have got to know have known 19. have/has gone to have been in 20. have joined/have taken part in the l
9、eague/the Party/the army have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys member/the league member/the soldier 编辑本段 用法注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用， (如表示过去的时间状语） 如 yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与 for,since连用. 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 ,如 already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, befor
10、e, recently,still, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用 , 如 often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion 等: Have you ever been to Beijing
11、 I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用 , 如 now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, s
12、o far 等: Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present ever
13、ything has been successful. 5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作 . We have had four texts this semester. 6.现在完成时的“完成用法“ 现在完成时的“完成用法“指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对 现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。 例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说 明的是现在的情况 -灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时“完成用法“的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过 去时间状语(如：already
14、，yet，before，recently 等)、频度时间状语(如： never，ever，once 等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语 (如：this morning month year.，today等)连用。 例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 7.现在完成时的“未完成用法“ 现在完成时的“未完成用法“指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在， 或可能还要继续下去。 例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。 (动作起始于 1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。 )
15、I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。 (动作开始于 5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。 ) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 (由 since 或 for 引导)，或表示 与现在时刻相连的时间状语 (如：up to now，so far)等。 例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何 消息。 注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词， 即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如： come，go，arri
16、ve，leave，join，become，die 等。 8.一段时间+has passed+since 从句 9. 现在完成时常和短语 “up to now /till now“, “so far“ (意思是从过去 某一确定的时间一直延续到现在 .) Up to/till now hes read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。 Ive been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。 10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 gone:去了没回 been to :去过 been in：呆了很久 10.不能与 when连用 编辑本段 一般过去时和现在完成时
