《抽取承压水对区域地表沉降影响分析-以西安高新区为例》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《抽取承压水对区域地表沉降影响分析-以西安高新区为例（12页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、抽取承压水对区域地表沉降影响分析-以西安高新区为例 凌晴 瞿伟 张勤 孔令杰 李建勋 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院 兰州理工大学土木工程学院 北京市地质工程勘察院 摘 要： 地下水超采引发的地面沉降灾害, 目前成为影响我国多个重大城市经济可持续发展、城市规划建设及人们日常生活的主要区域性地质灾害, 并已引起国内外众多学者的关注, 但目前针对城市地面沉降灾害机理的研究多仅从纯数值模拟的角度进行分析, 缺少综合多类实测资料从而构建与客观实际更为切合的地下水流模型, 获得对地下水超采引发地面沉降机理的深入认知。基于此, 本文选取我国地面沉降严重的西安市作为主要研究对象, 并针对西安市高新技术开发区近年
2、来越发严重的地面沉降现象, 依据 Leak 夹层理论与太沙基有效应力原理, 结合区域地下水与钻孔等实测资料, 根据研究区土层结构及地下水流渗透特性将研究区在垂向上划分为 5 层结构体, 构建了该区域较完备的地下水流模型, 反演获取了该区域 1992-2007 年间地表沉降量及其分布特征, 并据此分析了抽取地下承压水对区域地表沉降的影响, 有效刻画出了研究域地面沉降发展的三个重要时期-快速发展期 (1990-1995) 、持续发展期 (1996-2001) 、减速期 (2002-2008) 。最后通过选取典型特征点并利用实测 In SAR 与 GPS 监测结果与模型模拟值进行了对比分析, 验证了
3、本文模型反演结果的可靠性。本文研究结果可有效弥补区域内其它监测手段数据空白区问题, 对于深入理解及预测由于抽取地下承压水导致区域地表沉降具有一定的参考意义。关键词： 地面沉降; 有效应力; 地下水开采; 西安市高新区; The Influence of Groundwater Exploitation on the Land Subsidence of Xian High-Tech ZoneLING Qing QU Wei ZHANG Qin KONG Ling-jie LI Jian-xun School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang
4、an University; School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology; Beijing Institute of Geological & Prospecting Engineering; Abstract： At present, land subsidence, which is resulted from groundwater overdrawn, has become one of the main regional geological disasters in China. It has grea
5、t influence on sustainable development of many important cities, urban planning and construction as well as people daily life, which has attracted the attention of many scholars at home and abroad. However, the researches on the mechanism of urban ground subsidence disaster are mainly analyzed by th
6、e methods of pure numerical simulation, while regional groundwater flow model that combines with various measured data is rarely established. The regional groundwater flow model is more suitable for the actual stratigraphy physical properties, from which a deep understanding of the mechanism of subs
7、idence caused by overexploitation of groundwater can be obtained. Based on this, for the increasingly severe land subsidence in Xian Hi-tech development zone, the author established an one dimensional groundwater flow model according to the“interbed” theory and Terzaghi effective stress principle. I
8、n this study, a lot of data, such as groundwater level monitoring data and drilling data, were used. According to stratum structure and permeability characteristics of groundwater flow, the study area was divided into 5 layers in vertical direction. Then based on the land subsidence and distribution
9、 characteristic of Xian Hi-tech development zone during 1992-2007 by inversion, the influence of groundwater exploitation on regional land subsidence was also analyzed deeply. Three important periods of ground subsidence in the study area had been effectively simulated, namely, rapid development pha
10、se ( 1990-1995) , continuous development phase (1996-2001) and deceleration phase (2002-2008) . The results showed that during the rapid development phase (1990-1995) and continuous development phase (1996-2001) of land subsidence, it was mainly caused by overexploitation of groundwater. But the urb
11、an intensive construction load may also have a certain effect on it. During the deceleration phase (2002-2008) , the main reason of land subsidence was the combined influence of groundwater over-extraction and intensive urban construction with the development of city construction. Finally land subsi
12、dence of two typical regions-Electronic Industrial Park and Zhangbadong Road were also simulated based on the established model. By compared with the monitoring data obtained by GPS and In SAR, it was found that the simulated data during 2006-2007 was smaller than the observed data, indicating that
13、the observed data was caused by the combined impact of groundwater exploitation and intensive city construction while the simulated data was only taken into the influence of groundwater exploitation. The results also verified the reliability of the established model. Therefore, the research in this
14、paper can fill the bland area that lacks measured data, thus having a certain reference value for further understanding forecasting the land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation.Keyword： Land Subsidence; Effective Stress Principle; Groundwater Exploitation; Xian High-tech Zone; 0 引言地面沉降目前已成
15、为我国主要的城市性地质灾害之一, 对区域经济可持续发展、城市规划建设及人们日常生活等都产生了严重的影响, 造成了巨大的经济损失。西安市作为我国地面沉降典型区域从 20 世纪 70 年代末期就出现了严重的地面沉降现象, 其主要成因主要是由于地下水超采导致承压水位下降引起 (吴在宝等, 1986;杨国强, 1989;沈景文, 1987;刘玉海等, 1994;Cathleen E.Jones et al, 2016) , 但在 1997 年黑河引水工程通水以后, 西安市大部分地区地下水位则趋于稳定, 逐渐回升。到 2001 年底, 西安市南郊水厂正式向城区供水, 承压水位逐渐回升, 地面沉降得到了一
16、定缓解 (万伟锋, 2008;瞿伟, 2016) 。针对抽取地下水导致的地面沉降灾害现象 (Estelle Chaussard et al, 2017) , 国内外许多学者已通过建立不同的沉降模型以此研究区域地面沉降成因:徐光黎 (1992) 等通过对西安市承压水开采、地面沉降和地裂缝的相关分析, 估算出过量抽取承压水导致的固结压密量和诱发量占地面沉降的 75-95%;刘金韬等 (1998) 研究了开采承压含水层引发地面沉降的数学模型;张廉钧 (1999) 研究了华北平原地区过量开采深层地下水引起地面沉降的规律;阳军生等 (1999) 提出利用随机介质理论研究采水引起地面沉降预计的问题;毛新虎等 (2002, 2003) 建立了西安市南郊沉降的灰色模型和泊松旋回模型, 根据预测的速率推算出了2010 年到 2050 年 40 年的地裂差异累计沉降量;介玉新等 (2007) 在分析地面沉降受现代城市建筑的影响原因的基础上, 得出地面沉降影响深度和建筑方式的关系;孙恒等 (2013) 分析建筑荷载对地面沉降的影响, 根据结果建立地面沉降的数学模
