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1、Freedom in the world,Description of the survey Ranking of the leaders and laggards in the terms of freedomThe factors which are considered in the survery when forming the rankingThe end,Freedom in the world,Description of the survey,Freedom in the World is a yearly report by US-based Freedom House t
2、hat attempts to measure the degree of democracy and political freedom in every nation and significant disputed territories around the world, and which produces annual scores representing the levels of political rights and civil liberties in each state and territory, on a scale from 1 (most free) to
3、7 (least free). Depending on the ratings, the nations are then classified as Free, Partly Free, or Not Free.,这是一个美国 Freedom House 年度性的调查报告。致力于调查世界上各个国家及主要的有争议的地区的民主及政治自由度。此报告每年还会给出代表各国家、地区政治权利、公民自由的分数，从一分到七分。1分代表自由度最高，7分最低。据此，这些国家和地区被分为三个等级。自由、部分自由以及不自由。,Freedom in the world,Description of the surve
4、y,It is often used by researchers in order to measure democracy and correlates highly with several other measures of democracy like the Polity data series. It was launched in 1973 by Raymond Gastil.,这个调查经常被研究人员用于衡量民主及相关事宜，与其他几个衡量民主的方法一起，比如说民主政治数据系列。它是Raymond Gastil在1973年推出的。,See the freedom of the w
5、orld according to this survey,Freedom in the world,Ranking of the leaders and laggards in the terms of freedom,Those whose ratings average 1.0 to 2.5 are considered Free, 3.0 to 5.0 Partly Free, and 5.5 to 7.0 Not Free.,Freedom in the world,Ranking of the leaders and laggards in the terms of freedom
6、,Leaders: Sub-Saharan Africa: Cape Verde 佛得角Americas: Bahamas 巴哈马 Barbados 巴巴多斯 Belize 伯利兹 Canada 加拿大 Chile 智利 Costa 科斯塔 Dominica 多米尼克 Saint Lucia 圣卢西亚,Saint Kitts and Nevis 圣基茨和尼维斯 Trinidad 特立尼达 United States 美利坚合众国Asia-Pacific：Australia 澳大利亚KiribatiMarshall IslandFederated States of MicronesiaNaur
7、uPalauTuvaluMost westen europe,Ranking of the leaders and laggards in the terms of freedom,Freedom in the world,Laggards: Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Somalia Sudan Burma North Korea China (mainland) 7 6 Not Free Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Libya Chechnya (Russia) Tibet (Peoples Republic of China),Freedom
8、in the world,Ranking of the leaders and laggards in the terms of freedom,AmericaThe United States is an electoral democracy with a bicameral federal legislature.美国是两院的联邦立法机关的选举制民主。The federal government has a high degree of transparency. A substantial number of auditing and investigative agencies fu
9、nction independently of political influence.联邦政府的高度透明性。大量的审计和研究机构拥有独立的政治影响 。The United States has a free, diverse, and constitutionally protected press. 美国有自由的、多样的、受宪法保护的新闻体系。The United States has a long tradition of religious freedom.美国有悠久的宗教自由。The academic sphere enjoys a healthy level of intellec
10、tual freedom.学术领域享有高水平的学术自由。In general, officials respect the right to public assembly. 一般来说，官员们都尊重公众集会的权力。,Freedom in the world,Ranking of the leaders and laggards in the terms of freedom,AmericaFederal law guarantees trade unions the right to organize workers and engage in collective bargaining wi
11、th employers. The right to strike is also guaranteed .联邦法律保障工会有权组织人员与雇主从事集体谈判。民众罢工的权利也得到保证。 Citizens of the United States enjoy a high level of personal autonomy.美国的公民享有高度的个人自主性。 Women have made important strides toward equality over the past several decades.在过去的几十年间，美国在妇女权利，男女平等上迈出了重要的步伐。,china,Fre
12、edom in the world,Ranking of the leaders and laggards in the terms of freedom,ChinaChina is not an electoral democracy. Party members hold almost all top posts in government, the military, and the internal security services, as well as in many economic entities and social organizations.中国的选举制是不完全的。几
13、乎所有的共产党员担任顶级职位，在政府、军队和安全机构，以及许多的经济和社会团体。Opposition groups like the China Democracy Party are suppressed, and members are imprisoned. 反对党的成员甚至被判入狱，中国的政党存在一党专政的弊端。China was ranked 79 out of 180 countries surveyed in Transparency Internationals 2009 Corruption Perceptions Index. 2009年国际腐败透明指数所调查的180个国家
14、之中，中国位于79位。Despite relative freedom in private discussion and journalists efforts to push the limits of permissible speech, Chinas media environment remains extremely restrictive.尽管相对自由讨论和新闻工作者的权利已经做了努力,中国媒体被允许讲话的环境仍非常严格。,Freedom in the world,Ranking of the leaders and laggards in the terms of freed
15、om,ChinaThe number of religious believers, including Christians, has expanded in recent years. Nevertheless, religious freedom remains sharply curtailed, and religious minorities remained a key target of repression during 2009.尽管宗教信仰者近些年来人数有增加。但是，宗教信仰自由没有增加。甚至在2009年有镇压。（国外严重的中国政府对于西藏问题。）Academic fre
16、edom remains restricted with respect to politically sensitive issues.学术研究在政治敏感问题上仍然有限制。Freedoms of assembly and association are severely restricted.集会和结社的自由受到制约。The only legal labor union is the government-controlled All-China Federation of Trade Unions.唯一合法的工会是国营总工会。中国对于财产权利法案上的缺漏、计划生育（人权问题）、妇女保护仍不到位等等。,
