《温差发电论文：平板型CPC太阳能温差发电装置的实验研究》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《温差发电论文：平板型CPC太阳能温差发电装置的实验研究（10页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 温差发电论文：平板型 CPC 太阳能温差发电装置的实验研究【中文摘要】随着全球能源需求的不断增长,全球性的能源危机和环境恶化问题日益突出。开发利用新能源,积极寻找节能新技术是应对能源危机和环境压力的有效手段。温差发电技术绿色环保,特别是它不受温差限制的独特优势令越来越多的人看到了其在太阳能等低品位热源利用领域的潜力。太阳能作为可再生绿色能源,具有储量大、利用经济、清洁环保等优点,被普遍认为是理想的新能源。太阳能温差发电把太阳辐射热能直接转换为电能,具有无运动部件、无噪音、无磨损、无污染物排放、体积小、重量轻、可靠性高等特点,是绿色环保的发电方式。利用太阳能发电,人们的研究多集中于太阳能光伏发
2、电和太阳能热发电,基于温差发电技术的太阳能温差发电方式的研究则比较少。本文以温差发电理论为基础,从解决太阳能存在的能量密度低、不连续性等缺点入手,首次建立平板型复合抛物面聚光集热(CPC)太阳能温差发电系统,采用理论分析、数学建模和实验测试相结合的方法,对此温差发电装置的性能进行了研究。主要研究工作包括以下几个方面:1、在温差发电基本原理的基础上,建立太阳能温差发电系统的分析模型,通过理论推导出太阳能温差发电的性能参数及其计算公式,探讨影响温差发电性能的因素,为太阳能温差发电的结构设计和优化提供理论依据。2、以热电基本理论为指导,设计搭建了温差发电系统工作性能测试平台。深入研究了单个温差发电
3、组件的输出特性及冷端不同散热方式对其输出性能的影响。实验结果表明,温差发电组件的开路电压随着冷热端温差的增大近似呈线性增大趋势,在不同负载电阻 R L 下,发电组件的输出功率呈先增大后减小的趋势,最大输出功率的匹配负载值大于发电组件内阻值。当热源热流量恒定,与自然对流相比,采用强制风冷和水冷散热方式能明显降低发电组件冷端的温度,发电组件的输出功率可提高 30 %50 %,热源热流量越大,这种改善的效果越明显。3、对多组件温差发电器串、并联输出特性进行研究,结果表明,温差组件总数量一定时,并联连接组件数量增加后,提高了回路电流和系统最大输出功率,同时却降低了输出电压。对于四组件温差发电器而言,当
4、外加负载小于 11 时,组件两两串联再并联的输出电压最大,当外加负载大于 11 时,四片串联的输出电压最大。当负载电阻大于 2 且小于 11 时,两两串联再并联的输出功率最大,在负载电阻为 4,温差为 35时,输出功率可达 0.45 W。当负载电阻大于 11 时,四片串联的输出功率最大,在负载为 20,冷热端温差为 35,输出功率可达 0.42 W。4、根据复合抛物面聚光器(CPC)的光学原理,设计并搭建了平板型复合抛物面太阳能温差发电装置。对该装置的聚光性能与电输出性能进行了实验研究,结果表明该集热器具有一定的集热效果,最高集热温度为92。该温差发电装置的开路电压、输出功率随着冷热端温差的增
5、大而增大,当冷热端温差基本稳定在 50,冷却水流量为 340 L/h 时,负载电阻接近 75. 6 时,36 片温差发电模块串联后的最大输出功率为 7.0 W,总开路电压为 55.3 V。5、集热器保温可以提高集热效果。 在 CPC 进口处覆盖上一层透过率较好的 0.6 mm 厚聚乙烯薄膜,既可以保护 CPC 反射面铝箔,也可以减少 CPC 槽内的热量对流损失。本论文通过对单片温差发电组件性能的研究,总结了输出功率、开路电压等发电性能参数随外加负载电阻、温度工况等因素的变化规律。通过对多组件温差发电器的研究,为实现温差发电系统的大功率输出提供了有益的结论。设计并搭建了平板型复合抛物面(CPC)
6、太阳能温差发电装置,丰富了温差发电技术在太阳能利用领域的研究。【英文摘要】With the high-speed development of industrialization, global environmental deterioration and energy have become increasingly prominent. Development and utilization of new energy and actively seeking new energy-saving technology are effective means of dealing with
7、 the energy crisis and environmental stress. Thermoelectric generation technology is friendly to the environment. Particularly it has no limit to temperature so the unique advantage makes more and more people see its potentiality in the Low-grade heat recovery field. The solar energy, as a novel gre
8、en and renewable energy, is abundant, economic and non-pollution.Solar thermoelectric generation is a type of electricity generating technology, which could convert the solar power to electricity power. It has the advantages of high reliability, non-pollution and peaceful operations with immovable p
9、arts. It is a green and environmentally friendly technology and has a distinct advantage in the use of solar energy. Solar photovoltaic and solar thermal power have been discussed for a long time. But the research on solar thermoelectric generation is few. It is necessary to conduct a much deeper st
10、udy on it. Based on the thermoelectric theory and solving the low solar energy density, the electricity generating and heat transfer performance are investigated by the means of theoretical analysis, mathematical modeling and experimental testing in this paper. The main research work and conclusions
11、 include the following:(1) The performance parameters and their calculation formulas were given based on the solar thermal energy analysis model. The working performance of thermoelectric generator is analyzed on the base of Temperature, contact effect and internal resistance. This relationship prov
12、ides a foundation for optimizing output power and conversion efficiency.(2) A set of thermoelectric power generation device performance testing platform was built. Profound study was done through experiments on the output characteristics of single thermal power device and the effects of different co
13、oling methods on the cold side. The results showed that the open circuit voltage increased with the temperature difference of the cold side and hot side. At different load resistance RL, the output power was first increased and then decreased with the RL increase. When the maximum output power was o
14、btained, the matched load resistance value is greater than the internal resistance. When the heat source heat flux is constant, compared with the air natural convection, forced air cooling and water cooling can significantly reduce the cold side thermal resistance or temperature. And the output powe
15、r can be increased by 30 % to 50 %. The larger heating power is, the more obvious this improvement is. (3) The characteristics of a thermoelectric generation system with series-parallel connection of thermoelectric components are investigated. The effects of the total number of thermoelectric components are discussed. The results show that, with the increasing of parallel component count, the maximum output power increase, but the output voltage decrease.
