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1、From Car Factory to Urban Building Block底特律汽车工厂变城市建筑群原文地址：http:/www.asce.org/CEMagazine/Article.aspx?id=23622332562#.VD8zmnkUE78Competition gives designers around the world the chance to“reanimate” one of Detroits most famous ruins. 设计比赛让世界各地的设计师们有机会重塑底特律最著名的破旧建筑之一。October 7, 2014The first part of D
2、etroits Packard Plant, a multiple-building complex designed by Albert Kahn in 1903, opened its doors in 1903, but the facility continued to be expanded until 1915. The behemoth featured the worlds first use of a reinforced-concrete structural system for the automotive industry and led to what was kn
3、own as the Kahn system of reinforcement. Developed and patented by Khans brother Julius Khan, the system used steel rebar that was bent and frayed at the ends to increase its interaction with concrete and improve shear, and was used internationally in the design of the first skyscrapers.2014 年 10 月
4、7 日底特律帕卡德（Detroits Packard Plant）汽车厂第一部分 ,是一幢阿尔伯特卡恩（Albert Kahn）于1903 年设计并于当年建成使用的多功能综合楼,此后该大楼继续扩建,一直到 1915 年。此庞然大物是世界汽车工业中第一个使用钢筋混泥土结构系统的建筑，后来形成了所谓的卡恩加固系统（the Kahn system of reinforcement）。此系统由卡恩的兄弟朱利叶斯.卡恩（Julius Khan）,开发并申请专利，使用弯曲并且端部磨损的钢筋增加其与混凝土的相互作用从而提高抗剪能力,该系统被用于设计国际上第一座摩天大楼。The Packard Plant p
5、resaged modern manufacturing facility engineering. For close to 50 years the enormous facility, more than half a mile long, churned out luxury Packard automobiles. When the last Packard rolled off the line in 1954, the factory, much like the city, began a long and slow decline. Today the facility is
6、 a hulking symbol of both Detroits long deterioration and its underlying resiliency.帕卡德（Detroits Packard Plant）汽车厂预示了现代制造业建筑设施工程发展的方向。近 50 年里，这超过半英里长的庞大建筑设施里, 生产了豪华帕卡德汽车。当帕卡德（Detroits Packard Plant）汽车厂在 1954 年关闭最后一条生产线时,它就像这个城市一样,开始了漫长而缓慢的衰落。今天它就是底特律长期衰退和具有潜在的复苏弹性的庞大象征。“Even though the plant has suf
7、fered blight, fire, abandonment, and copper scrapping, the over-built shells of the structure continue to stand,” says architectural historian Kari Smith, LEED-AP, a project manager for the Packards current owner, Lima, Peru-based Arte Express.“尽管该工厂遭受过破坏,大火,被荒废过以及被拆除过铜构件,它过度建设的壳形结构继续保留着，”建筑历史学家卡瑞.史
8、密斯（Kari Smith）说,他是美国绿色建筑协会注册认证专业人士(LEED-AP),帕卡德工厂当前所有者（Lima, Peru-based Arte Express）的项目经理。Now the Packard, improbably, could become the most powerful symbol of Detroits slow rebound. The organization Parallel Projections hosted a design competition to develop a new vision for the aging complex. Par
9、allel Projections was launched by designer Kyle Beneventi and two colleagues, Keelan Hanks and Zach Eling. The architecture school graduates had participated in competitions and found that many were focused on lofty ideas and academic exploration but lacked real-world application, according to Benev
10、enti. He and his peers wanted to create a new class of competition that could “connect innovative academic exploration with policy makers and architecture firms and really try to get into how these design ideas can address the built e and relevant social issues.”现在,帕卡德可能会成为底特律缓慢复苏最有力的象征。Parallel Pro
11、jections 组织举办了一个为旧建筑综合体制定新的前景规划的设计比赛。Parallel Projections 组织是由设计师凯尔.比利文迪( Kyle Beneventi)和两位同事凯兰汉克斯（Keelan Hanks）和扎克.厄林（Zach Eling）创办的。根据比利文迪( Kyle Beneventi)的说法，一些建筑学院毕业生以前参加过比赛,很多人专注于崇高的思想和学术探索但作品缺乏现实应用性。他和他的同事想要创建一种新的比赛类型能够“把创新的学术探索与政策制定者及建筑事务所紧紧的联系起来真正地弄清楚这些设计思想怎样解决建造问题和相关社会问题。”For their inaugur
12、al competition, which they call Reanimate the Ruins, they chose Detroit, a city with no shortage of social issues. “We began researching, and through our research we found that Detroits decline was in part due to its sprawl,” says Beneventi. “We thought it was ironic that Motor Citys decline was cau
13、sed in part by the motor car itself.” 揭幕赛，他们叫“重塑废墟”（Reanimate the Ruins），他们选择了不乏各种社会问题的底特律市。“我们开始研究,通过我们的研究,我们发现底特律的衰落在一定程度上归于扩张,”比利文迪（Beneventi ）说。“我们觉得这很讽刺,汽车城的衰落部分原因是汽车本身。”They found even more irony in using an abandoned car plant to explore ways to turn the citys fortunes around. “We were hoping
14、 that this competition would address both the urban scale by creating a secondary node of density to support the city center,” says Beneventi, “and then address the architectural scale by providing the necessary program to make each node successful. ”他们觉得更讽刺是使用一个废弃的汽车厂来探索如何扭转城市的命运。“我们希望这次比赛通过创建一个支持城
15、市中心的辅助密度节点来解决城市规模问题,”比利文迪（Beneventi）说,“然后通过提供必要的程序使每个节点成功来解决建筑规模问题。”“In looking at other successful urban conditions, that was a consistent theme: as things grow out from the city center, you need secondary density to support and feed back in,” he explains. “看其他城市成功的要素知道,它们有一个相同的特点:城市从中心开始发展，需要辅助密度节
16、点来支持和反哺,”他解释说。The Packard plant, located about 5 mi from downtown, was an ideal place to test the theory, but the trio left the brief vague. “We assigned the site and raised the issues but we didnt want to be too prescriptive with what program we were requesting,” says Beneventi. “We wanted the designers to have a little more freedom in their exploration.” 帕卡德厂,距市中心约 5 英里,是检验这一理论的理想地方,但是三人委员会只给出了模糊的设计概要。“我们指定改造地点和提出要解决的问题,但我们不想按项目要求的那样规定太死,
