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1、基因型、环境及其互作对玉米病害、产量与品质的影响（英文） 段鹏飞 赵地 南阳师范学院农业工程学院南水北调中线水源区水安全河南省协同创新中心河南省南水北调中线水源区生态安全重点实验室 南阳师范学院环境科学与旅游学院 摘 要： 玉米病害、产量和品质的形成是品种遗传特性和环境因素共同作用的结果。以19 个玉米品种为材料, 分析了不同基因型玉米在不同区域的病害、产量、粗蛋白、粗淀粉、粗脂肪、赖氨酸差异。结果表明:19 个玉米品质的稳定性既由基因型控制也受环境互作效应影响。基因型起内因作用;互作作用中玉米种植及生长的时间 (播期与生育期等) 区域特征 (资源与逆境等) 是不同生态区病害、产量、品质差异的
2、主要外因;独立作用中年度间的气候变化对玉米不同生态区病害、产量、品质影响较大, 其中气象条件中温度适宜程度、降雨量、湿度与病害 (弯孢叶斑病与南方锈病) 的发生发展呈正相关, 产量与日照呈正相关且系数较大 (为 0.21) , 粗淀粉与日均温呈正相关, 粗脂肪与日照呈正相关;不同生态区随着纬度的降低, 吐丝后的降雨量增加, 玉米病害加重, 产量降低。关键词： 基因型; 环境; 玉米病害; 产量; 品质; 作者简介：Duan Pengfei, Lecturer, Ph D., Majored in plant physiological ecology. E-mail: dpf19830905
3、收稿日期：2016-12-29基金：The Special Project of Nanyang Normal University (ZX2014074) Effects of Genotypes and Environments and Their Interactions on Maize Disease, Yield and QualityDUAN Pengfei ZHAO Di Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Pr
4、oject of Henan Province; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project; College of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University; College of Environmental Science and Tourism, Nanyang Normal University; Abstract： The f
5、ormation of disease, yield and quality of maize needs the combination of genetic characteristics and environmental factors. In this study, the effects of genotypes, environment and their interaction on seed yield, disease resistance and quality of maize were investigated using 19 maize varieties. Th
6、e results showed that seed yield, disease resistance and quality were the synergistic results of both heredity properties and environment factors. The stability of maize quality was not only controlled by genotypes, but also influenced by the interaction between genotype and environment. Genotype wa
7、s the internal factor which determined differences among varieties in different ecotypes for seed yield, disease resistance and maize quality. The main external factors interacting with genotype were corn growth parameters such as planting time ( sowing date and growth stage, etc.) area characterist
8、ics ( resources and stress, etc.) . Among the external factors, the greatest influence on disease, yield and quality of maize in different ecological zones was annual climate variability. While, the temperature, rainfall, and humidity were meteorological conditions positively correlated with disease
9、 ( bending spore leaf spot and southern rust) . The positive correlation of yield with light had the highest coefficient ( 0.21) . Crude starch was positively correlated with average temperature, and crude fat was positively correlated with light. With decreasing latitude in different ecological zon
10、es, rainfall tended to increase after the silking stage, aggravating the disease, and reducing yield.Keyword： genotype; environment; maize disease; yield; quality; Received： 2016-12-29The interaction between plant genotype and its environment (GE) is a complex biological phenomenon.The study of GE i
11、nteraction is a key part of genetic analysis and variety evaluation.The ecological adaptability is the result of crop varieties and GE interaction8,9, which specifically related to the impact of environmental conditions on crop morphology, physiology, yield and quality10,11.This model is suggested w
12、hen the environments are the main source of variation concerning the contributions of the genotypes, environments and the GE interaction in relation to the total variability12.Genotype by environment interaction makes it difficult to select the best most stable and performing genotypes.GE refers to
13、the differential ranking of genotype among years or locations.Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) is usually used to identify the existence of GE interactions in multienvironmental experiments13.An important method of increasing crop yield was the promotion of crop varieties with high yield, fine
14、quality, wide adaptability and multiple resistances.The maize yield has increased in recent years, and Chinese maize production has entered a developmental stage of high yield per unit area and quality.Therefore, an in-depth study of genotype, environment and the impact of their interaction on maize
15、 diseases, yield and qualitywill not only provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of maize varieties and quality improvement;it will allow improved available natural resources and the cropsgenetic potential.In this study, 19 state approved maize varieties were planted in the south, c
16、entral, east and northern regions of Henan province to explore the effects of genes and environment on maize diseases, yield and quality.This would provide a theoretical basis for agricultural production practices such as improved breeding, quality cultivation, planting zone selection.1 Materials and methods1.1 Plant materials(1) Large panicle varieties:Xundan18 (XD18) , Xundan22 (XD22) , Zhangyu9 (ZY9) , Xindan23 (XD23) , Ludan981 (LD981) , Anyu12 (AY
