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1、八年级英语直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语一、学习目标?1 掌握直接引语与间接引语的意义、功能及用法；?2 进一步熟练过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时） 。二、学习重点难点?1 直接引语（ Diret Speeh）是指原封不动的引用原话，把它放在引号内，例如：?ther tld e, “u shuld finish ur her first, then u an g ut and pla ith ur friends”?The said, “e ant t have a rest”?间接引语（ Reprted Speeh，又叫 Indiret Speeh）即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不
2、放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是：?ther tld e that I shuld finish her first and then I uld g ut and pla ith friends?The said the anted t have a rest?2 当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，tld等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况：?1）现在时间推移到过去时间?所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时
3、。例如：?She said, “I a hungr”? She said (that) she as hungr?He said, “The fail are fighting ang theselves”? He said (that) the fail ere fighting ang theselves?T said, “I have fund hats rng ith the puter”? T said he had fund hat as rng ith the puter?在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即：?a ）当引述的是客观事实、科学真
4、理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：?He said, “The rd laser is an arn（首字母缩略词） ”? He said the rd laser is an arn?b）当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：?“I frt,” he said? He said he is frt?）当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：?He said, “It ust be prett late I reall ust g”? He said it ust be prett late, and he reall ust g?He said, “u ustnt se in the
5、 r”? He said I ustnt se in the r?2）过去时间推移到过去的过去?这里需要注意以下几点：?a ）当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成体。例如：?He said, “I didnt n u”? He said he hadnt nn e? 当“ 过去的过去”已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。例如：? Ann said, “She as brn in 1981”? Ann said she as brn in 1981?b）过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时，也可以不变。例如：?Rb
6、ert said, “I as ing ith ar”? Rbert said he had been ing ith ar? Rbert said he as ing ith ar?）过去完成时仍为过去完成时，不需改变。例如：?He said, “e hadnt returned t the stre hen she ae”? He said the hadnt returned t the stre hen she ae?d）时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。例如：?hn said, “hen I lived in Lndn I ften sa ane”? hn said
7、hen he lived in Lndn he had ften seen ane?hn said hen he lived in Lndn he ften sa ane?3）将时间推移到过去将时间?最常见的是把表示将时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。例如：?He said, “ere spending next eeend at he”? He said the ere spending the next eeend at he?She said, “The il ill g ff（变质）if u dnt drin it tda”? She said the il uld g ff i
8、f I didnt drin it that da?The said, “ere ging t Haaii this suer vaatin”? The said the ere ging t Haaii that suer vaatin?但是，在引述时，如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到的将时间，那么，可以不推移到过去将时间。例如：?He said, “Ill be aiting fr u trr”? He said he ill be aiting fr e trr?4）人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化?由上面的例子可以看出，当直接引语变成间接引语时，除动词时态变化外，人称代词、
9、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化。?a ）人称代词，除引述本人原话外，通常第一、二人称变为第三人称，或者第二人称变为第一人称；限定词也作相应的变化。例如：?He said, “e lve ur untr”? He said the lve their unt?b）指示代词 this，these 分别变成 that/it，thse/the 或 the；指示限定词 this，thse 通常变为 that，thse 或 the。例如：?“This huse is ver expensive,” she said? She said that huse as ver expensive?
10、The hildren ae ba ith t allets and said, “e pied these up n the paveent”? The hildren ae ba ith t allets and said the had pied the up n the paveent?）时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况：?i） 时间状语和动词时态两者都变。例如：? He said, “It as pletes a ear ag”? He said it had been pleted a ear befre?ii） 时间状语不变，动词时态可变可不变。例如：?She said, “
11、e left Paris at 8 a”? She said the had left Paris at 8 a? She said the left Paris at 8 a?iii） 时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定，如果引述时间和说话时间（如同一年、同一月、同一天等） ，时间状语可不变。例如：?r Bla said, “e started learning hinese last nth”? r Bla said the had started learning hinese last nth （同一月引述）? r Bla said the had started learning hi
12、nese the previus nth （可在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述）?直接引语 间接引语?tda that da ?this rning/afternn, et that rning/afternn, et?esterda the da befre, the previus da?(the) da befre esterda t das befre?trr the next da, the flling da?(the) da after trr t das after, in t das tie?next ee/nth, et the next ee/nth, et?last e
13、e/nth the ee/nth befre?n then?d）地点状语 here 通常变为 there；但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用 here，也可用具体地点代替 here。例如：?She said, “I first et ur brther here”? She said she first et brther there?“Are the hildren here?” Father ased? Father ased hether the hildren ere here?本单元重点：直接引语和间接引语，需要注意的是：直接引语变间接引语时，人称和时态要发生变化，时态得和主
14、句的时态保持一致。?Sentenes fr the passage (重点句讲解)?I ased her h she anted t d that, and she said that she had frgtten t d hers?我问她为什么要那么做，她说她忘记做作业了。?frget t d sth 忘记做某事 (还没有做)?frget ding sth 忘记做过某事 (已经做过了 )?eg hen u leave the lassr, dnt frget t turn ff the lights?离开教室时，别忘记关灯。?I frgt eeting hi befre 我不记得以前见过他
15、了。?类似的还有：?reeber t d sth 记得做某事 (还没有做)?reeber ding sth 记得做过某事 (已经做过了)?eg?“Reeber t finish ur her n tie, Li ing”, his ther said?李明妈妈说， “记得按时完成作业。 ”?I reeber telling this str fr several ties ?我记得这个故事给你讲过好几次了。?I said I didnt thin it as a gd idea fr her t p her?我说，抄我的作业并不是什么好事。?注意的 thin 用法：如果 thin 引导的宾语从
16、句，其从句表示否定意思时，不是否定从句，而是否定主句。?eg 翻译下列句子：?我认为给你父亲说这事的时机还不成熟。?I dnt thin it is the right tie fr u t tell ur father abut that?我认为他不是一个好演员。 I dnt thin he is a gd atr?我认为你说的并不正确。 I dnt thin u are right?esterda she tld e she as srr shed gtten ad ?昨天她告诉我，她为自己当时生气而抱歉。?Nadas, an students prefer using English naes in a language lassr?如今，许多学生喜欢在上
