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1、非谓语动词考点透析 不定式历年高考都对非谓语动词的考查很重视，它是高考中的一个重点考查内容. 现在就非谓语动词中动词不定式在高考中的考点给同学们归纳如下：一、动词不定式的形式动词不定式一般由 to + 动词原形构成。动词不定式有六种时态和语态，以动词 do 为例，列表说明如下：时态 语态 主 动 被 动一 般 to do to be done完 成 to have done to have been done进 行 to be doing完成进行 to have been doing二、动词不定式的时态表示与谓语动词的时间关系(一) 动词不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作
2、或状态的同时或之后。如：1. Energy drinks are not allowed _ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. （2006 天津卷）A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making【解析】B。本题意为“能量型饮料不容许在澳大利亚生产” 。此题为双重被动式；而且不定式的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，要用一般式。（二） 动词不定式的完成式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前。如：2. Is Bob still pe
3、rforming? Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left【解析】A。根据题意可知：离开舞台的时间在谓语动词“is said”之前。三、动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定式就是在 to 的前面加 not。如：3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult
4、. （1999 广东卷）A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make【解析】B。动词不定式 to make life easier 和 not to make it more difficult 都作 is 的表语；不定式 to make 的否定式是在其前面加 not。四、动词不定式在高考中的考点分析(一) 考查动词不定式作目的状语的用法。动词不定式表示目的时可置于句首也可置于句尾，但是以 so as to 引导的不定式不能置于句首。如：4. _ more about university courses, call (920)
5、 7463789. (2005 浙江卷)A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out【解析】A。用不定式 to find out 表目的。5. Can the project be finished as planned? Sure, _ it completed in time, well work two more hours a day. (2005 福建卷)A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get【解析】B。不定式短语 to get it completed in t
6、ime 在此既能表示动作是在将来完成，又能表示目的。6. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. (2005 辽宁卷)A. in order to have received B. in order to receiveC. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving【解析】C。 句子主语 all these gifts 与不定式短语动词 receive 构成被动关系，所以用 so as to be received 或者 in order to be
7、 received 来表示目的。（二）考查动词不定式表示结果的用法。动词不定式表示结果时有时前面有 only，表示出乎意料的结果。如：7. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. （陕西卷）A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told【解析】B。only 加不定式表示出乎意料的结果，又由于是他被告知，所以要用不定式的被动式。（三）考查动词不定式作宾语的用法。后跟不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, decide, pro
8、mise, ask, refuse, expect, offer, want, hope, plan, pretend, desire 等。如：8. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. （2006 北京卷）A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop【解析】C。stand 在这里是及物动词，作 “忍受”讲，其后通常接动名词作宾语；而ref
9、use 作“拒绝”讲，其后通常接不定式作宾语。9. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, wanting _. （2006 湖南卷）A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using【解析】B。选项 A、C、D 都表示是句子主语所发出的动作，而选项 B 表示是句子主语所承受的动作。根据句子语境， “文学原材料等待着被使用”可知，B 是正确的选项。动词不定式 to b
10、e used 作 want 的宾语。10. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. （2000 全国卷）A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects【解析】B。疑问词 + 动词不定式在句中作 know 的宾语。（四）考查动词不定式作表语的用法。11. One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to _ healthy eating habits.（2006 湖北卷）A. grow B. de
11、velop C. increase D. raise【解析】B。 grow“生长” ；increase“增加、增长” ；raise “提高、举起” ；develop “发展、培养” ，此处 develophabits 意思是“养成的习惯” 。不定式 to develop 作 is 的表语。注意：动词不定式作表语，若句子的主语中有 do, 动词不定式符号“to”要省略。如：What I can do is wait and wait.（五）考查动词不定式作定语的用法。12. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying
12、that he was not the one _. （2006 安徽卷）A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed【解析】C。此句意思是：“ Mr. Green 站起身来为那位 16 岁的男孩辩护，说他并不是要受责备的那个人。 ” 句中不定式短语 to blame 作定语，修饰代词 the one。13. The Chinese are proud of the 29th OlympicGames _ in Beijing in 2008. （2006 四川卷）A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be hel
13、d【解析】D。 不定式 to be held 作定语，修饰名词 the 29th Olympic Games，表示即将发生的被动动作。（六）考查动词不定式作宾补的用法。14. Mr. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. （1991 全国卷）A. never to drive B. to never drink C. never driving D. never drive【解析】A。 “never to drive” 作宾语 her daughter 的补足语。（七）考查动词不定式在独立主格结构中的用法。独立主格的语法特征是：它有自己的逻辑主
14、语，并且和句子的主语不一致。15. I send you 100 dollars, the rest _ in a year. （2005 湖南卷）A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed【解析】C。此处是考查独立主格的 “名词或代词 + 动词不定式” 结构。独立主格的主语与句子的主语不一致；又因其余的钱需要在一年之后给，因此应用不定式来表示将来的动作。【跟踪练习】1. It is foolish _.A. for you to believe himB. of you to believe himC. for you beli
15、eving himD. of you believing him2. All you have to do is _.A. study B. to studying C. studying D. have to study 3. Though they had a meeting yesterday, there is much that remains _.A. solving B. solve C. to solve D. to be solved4. I need some paper _ .A. to write B. to write on C. for writing D. to write with5. The house _ next year will be used as a hospital
