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1、ISO 14001內部環境稽核員,訓練補充教材 江林 2007/06/18,DETAILED PROCEDURES 詳細的流程,Detailed procedures are often referred to as work instructions 詳細的流程通常是指工作指令,Skills and knowledge necessary 必須的技能和知識,detailed procedures 詳細的流程 training 訓練,RECORDS 記錄,Records are objective evidence that demonstrate: 記錄是客觀證據，用以證明： Environ
2、ment manage meets the requirements 環境管理符合要求 An effective Environment system is operating 有效的環境系統正在運作,Environment AUDIT環境評審,A systematic and independent examination to determine whether Environment activities and related results comply with planned arrangements and whether these arrangements are impl
3、emented effectively and are suitable to achieve objectives 係一項系統化及獨立性之查驗，決定各項環境 活動與相關之成果是否與原先籌劃者一致， 以及這些籌劃事項是否有效地付諸實施， 且適合於達成目標。,OBJECTIVE EVIDENCE客觀證據,Information which can be proved true, based on facts obtained through observation, measurement, test or any other means 經由觀察、測量、試驗或其他方式而獲得實的資訊 Uninf
4、luenced by prejudice or bias 不受情緒或偏見影響 May be stated or (preferably) documented 可以書面化 Can be verified 能被驗證,SPECIFIED REQUIREMENTS指定的要求,Contract requirements 合約要求 Company policy公司政策 - manuals 手冊 - procedures/work instructions 程序作業指導書 Environment standard環境標準 Legal requirements法規要求,Environment AUDIT T
5、YPES環境評審類型,1st Party - WE auditing our own system (Internal) 第一方 組織對自身進行評審 （內部評審） 2nd Party - WE auditing our subcontractor (External) 第二方 組織對分包商進行評審 （外部評審） 3rd Party - WE being audited by a registration body, (SGS) (External) 第三方 組織被認証機構進行評審，（SGS ) (外部評審）,REASONS FOR 1ST PARTY AUDITS 第一方評審的原因,Requi
6、rement of ISO 14001 ISO 14001標準的要求 Control mechanism for use by management 管理階層所採用的管制機制 Powerful tool for continuous improvement through - 持續改進的有力工具 經由 employee involvement 員工的參與 communication 溝通 employee awareness, etc. 員工的認知，等等,REASONS FOR 2ND PARTY AUDITS 第二方評審的原因,Aids selection and grading of su
7、bcontractors 幫助選擇和評鑑分包商 One method of meeting ISO 14001 ISO 14001 條款中要求之一種方法 確保環境管理與產品生命周期的結合 保證環境管理績效,REASONS FOR 3RD PARTY AUDITS 第三方評審的原因,May reduce need for 2nd party audits 可以減少對第二方評審的需要 Recognition of conformity to an international standard 得到與國際標準一致性的認可 Contributes to reduction in avoidable c
8、osts to suppliers 幫助供應商減少可避免的費用 Aids market competitiveness 幫助提高市場競爭力,AUDITOR ATTRIBUTES 評審員的特質,Auditors must be flexible to -評審員必須靈活應對 - Changing situations變化的環境 Differing management styles不同的管理風格 Differing management/employee levels不同的管理、員工水準 Auditors must be competent in -評審員必須勝任 - Reasoning of n
9、onconformities解釋不合格事項 Evaluating effectiveness of 評價矯正措施的有效性 corrective action,SOME ATTRIBUTES OF A GOOD AUDITOR 優秀評審員應具備的素質,Objective客觀 Polite 禮貌 Punctual 守時 Practical實際 Principled 有原則 Persevering 不屈不撓,Industrious 勤奮 Positive 態度積極 Communicative 健談 Prepared 作好準備 Unbiased 不帶偏見 Helpful 樂於助人,THE AUDIT
10、LIFE CYCLE評審模式周期,The audit life cycle is often referred to as 評審模式周期通常指 P.E.R.C. Planning計劃 Execution 執行 Recording 記錄Close out 結案,PLANNING THE AUDIT制訂評審計劃,Determine the objective確定評審目的 Agree the scope同意評審範圍 Nominate a team leader任命評審組長 Calculate the audit duration計算評審持續時間 Select the team選擇評審小組成員 Con
11、tact the auditee - agree the date(s)與被評審方確定日期 Arrange and hold preliminary meeting安排及召開預備會議 Draw up audit programme擬定評審綱要 Brief the team簡要知會小組成員 Prepare checklist準備檢查清單,INFORMATION AVAILABLE有用的資料,Environment manual / procedures環境手冊/程序 Management priorities, (not 3rd party) 管理優先順序(非第三方) Environment p
12、roblems, (not 3rd party)環境問題(非第三方) Previous audits以往的評審 Environment manage information環境管理資料 Experience of auditors評審員的經驗 Preliminary visit初訪,AUDIT PURPOSE評審目的,To collect objective evidence to permit an informed judgement about the status and effectiveness of the Environment management system 收集客觀証據
13、， 以便就環境管理系統的狀況和有效性 作出評審判定,CHECKLIST BENEFITS檢查清單的優點,Keeps audit objectives clear 保持明確的評審目的 Evidence of audit planning 策劃評審的證據 Maintains audit pace and continuity 持評審的節奏和連貫性 Reduces auditor bias 減少評審員的偏見 Reduces workload during audit 減少評審過程中的工作量,CHECKLIST DRAWBACKS檢查清單的缺點,Checklists tend to lose valu
14、e if they are: 檢查清單可能失去價值，如它是： Tick lists 判斷清單 Questionnaires 調查問卷 Prepare them as aides memoir 上述只能當作輔助工具,CHECKLIST PREPARATION檢查清單的準備,1. Convert clauses of the standard into questions 將標準的條款轉變為問題 2. Using these questions and the Environment manual 使用以下問題和環境手冊 plan what to look at and why. i.e. loo
15、k for 策劃要檢查什麼及原因，即要查出什麼 consider sample sizes 考慮抽樣的數量 3. Prepare checklist準備檢查清單,AUDIT EXECUTION評審的執行,The opening meeting 開始會議 The audit process評審的過程 - Gathering information 收集資料 - Validating the findings 確認所發現的事實 - Evaluating the findings 評價所發現的事實 The closing meeting 結束會議,THE OPENING MEETING開始會議,In
16、troductions - record介紹 - 記錄 Objective, Scope, 目的，範圍，文件的發行情況 issue status of Documentation Review audit programme確認評審計劃 Guides陪同人員 Logistics支援 Reporting methods報告的方法 Confidentiality保密 Sample抽樣 Restrictions?限制？ Clarification?澄清？,ETHICS OF THE AUDIT評審的規範,Enter the area步入評審現場 Introductions by guide由陪同人員介紹 Explain what you want to see解釋您想看的東西 Investigate to the depth necessary必要時深入檢查 No problems found, move on如沒有問題發現，進行下一個活動 Dont keep on auditing until problems are found不能在一個區域繼續評審，直至發現問題,CONTROL OF
