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1、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式作表语语法精析动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式作表语一、动词不定式作表语1表示目的。The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.教育的目的是发展儿童完美的品格。2表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果或预言。You must tell me about it，if we are to remain friends.如果我们还想继续做朋友的话，你就必须告诉我那件事。3用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求意见。What am I to say if they as
2、k me the question?要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？4用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，ought to，must，具有情态意义。You are to be rewarded.你应该受到奖励。(should)These books are not to be sold.这些书不应该卖掉。(ought not to be)5表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。They are to marry next week.他们将在下周结婚。(安排)Children are not to smoke.儿童不准吸烟。(禁止)You must be p
3、atient and persistent if you are to succeed.想要成功，你就必须有耐心和毅力。(愿望)二、动词-ing形式作表语1动词-ing形式可以在句中作表语，说明主语“是什么”。作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑(B
4、eing laughed at is what I hate most.)2不定式作表语和动词-ing作表语的区别不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；而动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。The old mans job today is to paint the walls.老人今天的工作是粉刷这些墙。The old mans job is painting the walls.老人的工作是粉刷墙。注意：这种区别并不是绝对的。例外的情况也不少，用不定式或动名词作表语时，有时意思区别很小。3动名词作表语、现在分词作表语和现在分词用于进行时的区别。动名词作表语说明
5、主语“是什么”，现在分词作表语，说明主语的特征。现在分词用于进行时时，说明主语正在进行的动作。Her work is taking care of these children.她的工作是照顾这些孩子。Her work is very interesting.她的工作很有趣。She is taking care of these children.她正在照顾这些孩子。三、动词-ed形式作表语1动词-ed形式可以在句中作表语，说明主语的状态。All the fans are very excited.所有粉丝都很兴奋。It is obvious that the boy is intereste
6、d in this machine.显然，这个男孩对这台机器感兴趣。2现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别：现在分词和过去分词都可以作表语，现在分词作表语说明主语的特征，而过去分词作表语说明主语的状态。The dog is frightening.这条狗是可怕的。 The dog is frightened.这条狗很害怕。 3过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态的区别。过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态，过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。The cup is broken.杯子碎了。The cup was broken by Lucy.杯子被露西打碎了。四.练习.选词填空1For most o
7、f us，the experience was really _(exciting/excited)2When hearing the news，the girl became very _(shocking/shocked)3All of us were _(surprising/surprised) at the news he told us.4When I was _(walking/walked) in the street，I heard a large noise.5He was late for work again and his boss was very _(annoyi
8、ng/annoyed)1.exciting 2.shocked 3.surprised 4.walking 5. annoyed.翻译句子1.你们应该在周五前交作业。2.改变态度就是改变人生。3.真正的问题是要了解顾客的需要。4.此刻演讲者正在谈论形势。5.不幸的是，男孩在决赛中受伤了。1You are to hand in your work before Friday.2To change your attitude is to change your life.3The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers.
9、4The speaker is talking about the situation at the moment.5Unfortunately，the boy got injured in the final match.单句语法填空1No one is _(enter) the library without the teachers permission.2The purpose of the project was _(improve) the traffic condition.3Her hobby is _(collect) some nice cards from his fri
10、ends.4The young trees_(water) by some students yesterday.5Do you know the old man who is _(seat) at the back door?6She told me that she had decided not to get _(marry)7The visitor is _(dress) in a red coat，which makes him stand out.8The young man is_(do) some research on how to keep fit.9I didnt kno
11、w why my best friend was so _(confuse) then.10What the old couple did was really_(puzzle) for most of us.1.to enter 2. to improve 3. collecting 4. were watered 5. seated 6. married 7.dressed 8.doing 9. confused 10. puzzling.单句写作 11你看上去非常失望。发生了什么事？(disappoint)You look so disappointed.What happened?12
12、当他想到那位勇敢的年轻人时，他很受鼓舞。(inspire)When he thought of the brave young man，he became very inspired.13我进去时，他依然站在桌子旁。(stand)When I entered，he remained standing beside the table.14当时的情形是非常尴尬的，我不知道怎么办。(embarrass)The situation was very embarrassing and I didnt know what to do.15昨天我去看那部电影了。它非常乏味。(bore)I went to
13、see the film yesterday.It was so boring.16他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。(make)Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.17我的主要目的是指出这个问题的困难。(point out)My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.18他喜欢的是每天晚饭后散步。(take)What he likes is taking a walk after supper every day.语法填空Mr Li was go
14、od at music and also liked folk tales when he was young.After he retired，he returned to his hometown with his wife and 1._(settle) there.He began to travel around the country to collect folk tales.He talked to a lot of villagers 2._all ages from different places，only to find that there was a distinc
15、t difference between the tales from two different places.About two years 3._ (late)，he returned to his hometown with a great many interesting folk tales.It was he 4._ set the program Reading Tales in his village in motion.There was a trend that each family set aside some time for 5._(read) tales every day.That was an enjoyable time! In addition，he was so innovative that he 6._(compose) a lot of soft music for th
