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1、1,Hazard 危害,The POTENTIAL to harm 有潜在伤害,An Event, Circumstance or Condition with the potential to harm, including ill health, injury or death, damage to property, plant, products or the environment, production losses or increased liabilities 一个事件，情况或状况有潜在伤害，包括生病，受伤或死亡，财产损失，工厂，生产或环境受损，生产损失或债务增加,Hazar
2、d and Effects Management Process (HEMP) 危害与影响管理过程,2,Identify the Hazards 识别危害 Determine: 决定 what are the hazards? 危害是什么? what could go wrong?什么可能导致出错? Can someone get hurt? 会有人受伤吗？ how could an incident occur? 事故会怎样发生?,Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP) 危害与影响管理程序,3,Items to consider when l
3、ooking at potential hazards 潜在的危害-去寻找什么 Environment conditions: 环境状况 any conditions that may be hazardous to safety or health? 有哪些情况可能对安全和健康有危害? any gases, vapor, mists, fumes, or dust in area? 在区域内有气体，蒸汽或灰尘吗？ ventilation adequate to remove any air contaminants? 充足的通风保证空气流通？ any sources of heat or c
4、old? 有热气或冷气来源吗？ any radiation sources? 有辐射源吗？ adequate lighting to see the complete job? 光线是否充足？,Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP) 危害与影响管理程序,4,(2) Injurious Contact: 危险接触 Are there any pinch points? 是不是有能夹到人的点？ Can people come in contact with, be struck by moving parts of equipment? 人会接触或
5、者被移动设备卡到吗？ Is there sufficient room to work? 有足够的工作空间吗？ Are energy sources controlled? 能源有得到控制吗？,Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP) 危害与影响管理程序,5,(3) Over-exertion: 用力过度 Can a strain be caused by exerting? 用力可能引起拉伤吗？ Does the employee have good body position? 雇员的姿势正确吗? Does the job require l
6、ifting of excessive weight? 工作需要吊装重物吗？ Does the employee twist while lifting? 雇员在吊装时身体弯曲了吗？ Does this job have repetitive motions? 工作有重复举动吗？,Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP) 危害与影响管理程序,6,(4) Slips, trips and falls: 滑倒，绊倒，跌倒 Is the floor slippery? 地板滑吗？ Is it uneven surfaces? 表面是不是不光滑？ Is
7、there any floor opening? 地面有洞吗? Is there any chance of a fall to another level? 有跌落的可能性吗？,Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP) 危害与影响管理程序,7,No Signs / Barriers 没有标识/屏障,No Signs / Barriers 没有标识/屏障,Green Scaff-tag 绿色脚手架牌,Scaffolding Unfit for Use! 脚手架不适合使用！,8,(5) Other key Safety behaviours 其他主
8、要的安全行为 Do employees wear proper PPE? 雇员有穿劳保吗？ Are the correct tools available? 是否有正确的工具？ Are tools correctly used? 是否正确使用工具？ Is communications established? 是否沟通良好？ Is preventive maintenance programme up to date? 预防维护措施是否更新？,Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP) 危害与影响管理程序,9,Examples are:例如 The
9、rmal热量 Extreme temperatures Chemical超高的化工温度 Toxic & hazardous chemical毒性& 危害化学制品 Loss of containment遏制损失 Biological生物 Expose to harmful bacterium曝光对有害的细菌 Human fatigue人的疲劳 Kinetic运动 Metal fatigue 金属疲劳 Dropped objects停止项目 Loss of control失去控制 Environmental condition环境状况 Poor visibility可见度低 Slippery Ro
10、ad Surfaces防滑路面 Human factor人为因素 Incompetence无能力 Violations 侵害,Potential to Harm, an event, circumstance or condition 一个事件，情况或状况有潜在伤害,HAZARDS 危害,JHAs,顶端事件,屏障,危害,威胁,后果,屏障,11,12,What is a Threat? 什么是威胁？,The likely CAUSE for the Hazard to be released 可能释放危害的起因,13,Examples are例子是: Thermal 热量 Increased p
11、roduction/flaring Chemical增加 生产和流动的化学制品 Failure due to corrosion腐蚀引起的失败 Improper handling of hazardous chemical不正当处理危害化学制品 Punctured container Biological被刺的容器生物 Inadequate rest 休息不充分 Human fatigue Kinetic人的疲劳运动 Loose objects not secured宽松对象没有巩固 Loss of control Environmental condition失去控制环境的条件 Poor v
12、isibility Human factor不可预见性的人为因素 Incompetence无能力 Slips & Lapses 滑倒和流逝,A cause that may release a hazard to produce a top event 可能释放危害引起顶端事件,THREAT威胁,14,Examples are:例如 Thermal热量 Guards & Shield防护装置&防护罩 Chemical化学 Inhibitors, corrosion allowance, PPE抗化剂, 腐蚀容限, 劳动保护用品 Biological生物 Adequate rest, PPE充分
13、的休息 Kinetic运动 Procedures, maintenance plan规程, 维护计划 Environmental环境 Warnings, training, drills警告, 训练, 操练 Human factor人为因素 Rules & procedures规则&规程,A control measure put in place to prevent threats from releasing a hazard 一个控制措施，防止危害释放的威胁,BARRIER屏障,15,What is a TOP EVENT? 什么是顶端事件 ?,The Released of the
14、Hazard when all the barriers put in place have failed 当所有屏障都失效后危害得到释放,16,Examples are:例如 Thermal热量 Exposure to extreme heat极端热量辐射 Chemical化学 Loss of containment遏制损失 Biological生物 Loss of control失去控制 Kinetic运动 Falling objects物体坠落 Loss of control失去控制 Environmental环境 Collision碰击 Discharge exceed legalre
15、quirements电核辐射超标 Human factor人为因素 Rules are breached规则被破坏,A Top Event is when a hazard has been released, when the barriers have failed 当屏障失效后危害得到释放,TOP EVENT顶端事件,17,Effect 影响,The consequence of not managing a top event 不能管理顶端事件的后果,18,Examples are:例如 Abnormal operating conditions反常操作条件 maintenance m
16、ode维护方式 Environmental variations环境变化 extreme weather conditions极端天气情况 Human error人为失误 rule variations规程变化 Lapses差错 Exceeding response capabilities超出反应能力 Maintenance failure维护失效,ESCALATION FACTORS 恶化因素,Conditions that lead to increased escalation - things get worse after the top event! 引起恶化的情况-顶端事件后事情变得更遭,19,Examples are:例如 System to detect and abate incidents检测和消减系统 gas, fire and smoke alarms气体、火和烟探测器 ESDs Deluge洪水 System to protect primary functions系统保护的主要作用 fire and blast wall防风和火的隔离墙 protecti
