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1、1讲义一：简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下 S 十 V 主谓结构 S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构 （S 主语 V 谓语 P 表语 O 宾语 O1 间接宾语 O2 直接宾语 C 宾语补足语）基本句型一 S 十 V 主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词这些动词常见的有 appear apologizearrive
2、come die disappear exist fall happen rise 等等。1. 学生们学习很努力。_ 2. 她再次向我道歉。 _ 3. 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _ 补充: 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。 常见的能带同源宾语的动词有 lead live die sleep dream breathe smile laugh fight run sing 等。如4. Under the leadership of the Party the peasants lead a happy
3、life.5. I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 6. Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August. 7. He died a glorious death. 2基本句型二: S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类 A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有 be look seem appear smell taste sound keep remain 等等。如 8. We should _ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该
4、保持谦虚。9. 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_. B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有 become get grow turn go come prove 等等。如 10. Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了天气变得越来越暖和。11. Dont have the food. _. 不要吃那种食物它已经变质了。12. The fact _. 这个事实证明是正确的。 基本句型三: S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是名词、代词、动
5、词不定式、动名词或从句。如 13. 我昨天看了一部电影。_. 14. You place me in a difficult situation._。 315. They finally managed to get along with us. _。 16. They have _ _ _ of the children.这些孩子他们照看得很好。 17I dont like being treated like this._。 基本句型四: S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构 O1 间接宾语 O2 直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”直接宾语常常指“物”。如 18Yester
6、day her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。19. The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March. _。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型 A. 动词 直接宾语 for sb. B. 动词 直接宾语 to sb.。 20. Please show me your picture. Please _. 请把你的画给我看一下。 21. Ill offer you a good chance as long as you don t lo
7、se heart. Ill offer _ as long as you dont lose heart. 只要你不失去信心我会给你提供机会的。 4基本句型五: S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构这种句型中的宾语 补语可统称为“复合宾语” 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如 22.Keep _ please. 请让孩子们安静下来。23.他把墙漆成白色。 _. 24. 我们发现他是一个诚实的人。_. 注意动词 have make let see hear notice feel observe watch 等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时不带 to。如 25.
8、 The boss made him do the work all day. _。 注意事项句型一 主语系动词表语 1. 系动词的三种分类在初中阶段我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有 be remain stay keep prove 等表示“变化”类的有 grow turn get become fall go come 等表示“感官”类的有 look sound smell taste feel seem appear等。如 I am a senior school student while he is a junior one. 我是高中生他是初中生。After four years
9、 Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor. 四年后汤姆成了一名医生。The story sounds interesting and instructive. 5这故事听起来既有趣又有教育意义。2. 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词短语、介词短语、表语从句、分词短语等。如 In order to keep healthy he takes exercise everyday. In my mind mother is my hero. Look Your pet dog is there. The schoolbags come in different siz
10、es. You are not what you were. Many passengers got injured in the accident. The machine keeps running for a long time. 3. 使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时（除了 feel 以外）；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词，如 keep grow taste feel get smell 等；第四，非谓语一般用现在分词如 After two-days treatment he felt well again. 不用 was felt. He rem
11、ains an excellent engineer in the factory. 不用 is remained 比较以下句子The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson. We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now. Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth. 练习 选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空注意动词的适当形式。1. I _（remain / keep / stay a nurse） while he has
12、_（turn / become） engineer.2. Put the meat in the refrigerator. It _ (go / get / turn / become) bad easily.3. What he said _(sound / look / smell / taste) reasonable. 64. He feels _(comfortable / comfortably) working in the air-conditioned office. 5. We do morning exercises to _(keep / turn / become)
13、 healthy.6. The apple _(tastes / is tasted) sweet. 7. Please keep _(安静) The baby has fallen _(睡着). 8. They work day and night to make their dream come _(实现).句型二 主语不及物动词 1. 不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如 agree lie work argue belong come go reply 等。2. 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如 agree with lie in work at belong to come across go to 等。3. 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如 begin sell write wash answer read 等。例如 The meeting begins at half past nine. The professor began his speech directly. The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them.
