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1、马铃薯播种机的性能评估外文翻译、外文文献翻译、机械类中英文翻译Assessment of the Behaviour of Potatoes in a Cup-belt PlanterH Buitenwerf WB Hoogmoed P LerinkJMullerFarm Technology Group Wageningen University PO Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlandse-mail of corresponding author willemhoogmoedwurnlKrone GmbH Heinrich-Krone Stra
2、sse 10 48480 Spelle GermanyIB-Lerink Laan van Moerkerken 85 3271AJ Mijnsheerenland The NetherlandsInstitute of Agricultural Engineering University of Hohenheim D-70593 Stuttgart GermanyReceived 27 May 2005 accepted in revised form 20 June 2006 published online 2 August 2006 The functioning of most p
3、otato planters is based on transport and placement of the seed potatoes by a cup-belt The capacity of this process is rather low when planting accuracy has to stay at acceptable levels The main limitations are set by the speed of the cup-belt and the number and positioning of the cups It was hypothe
4、sised that the inaccuracy in planting distance that is the deviation from uniform planting distances mainly is created by the construction of the cup-belt planterTo determine the origin of the deviations in uniformity of placement of the potatoes a theoretical model was built The model calculates th
5、e time interval between each successive potato touching the ground Referring to the results of the model two hypotheses were posed one with respect to the effect of belt speed and one with respect to the inuence of potato shape A planter unit was installed in a laboratory to test these two hypothese
6、s A high-speed camera was used to measure the time interval between each successive potato just before they reach the soil surface and to visualise the behaviour of the potatoThe results showed that a the higher the speed of the cup-belt the more uniform is the deposition of the potatoes and b a mor
7、e regular potato shape did not result in a higher planting accuracyMajor improvements can be achieved by reducing the opening time at the bottom of the duct and by improving the design of the cups and its position relative to the duct This will allow more room for changes in the cup-belt speeds whil
8、e keeping a high planting accuracy1 IntroductionThe cup-belt planter Fig 1 is the most commonly used machine to plant potatoes The seed potatoes are transferred from a hopper to the conveyor belt with cups sized to hold one tuber This belt moves upwards to lift the potatoes out of the hopper and tur
9、ns over the upper sheave At this point the potatoes fall on the back of the next cup and are conned in a sheet-metal duct At the bottom the belt turns over the roller creating the opening for dropping the potato into a furrow in the soilCapacity and accuracy of plant spacing are the main parameters
10、of machine performance High accuracy of plant spacing results in high yield and a uniform sorting of the tubers at harvest McPhee et al 1996 Pavek Thornton 2003 Field measurements unpublished data of planting distance in The Netherlands revealed a coefcient of variation CV of around 20 Earlier studi
11、es in Canada and the USA showed even higher CVs of up to 69 Misener 1982 Entz LaCroix 1983 Sieczka et al 1986 indicating that the accuracy is low compared to precision planters for beet or maizeTravelling speed and accuracy of planting show an inverse correlation Therefore the present cup-belt plant
12、ers are equipped with two parallel rows of cups per belt instead of one Doubling the cup row allows double the travel speed without increasing the belt speed and thus a higher capacity at the same accuracy is expectedThe objective of this study was to investigate the reasons for the low accuracy of
13、cup-belt planters and to use this knowledge to derive recommendations for design modications eg in belt speeds or shape and number of cupsFor better understanding a model was developed describing the potato movement from the moment the potato enters the duct up to the moment it touches the ground Th
14、us the behaviour of the potato at the bottom of the soil furrow was not taken into account As physical properties strongly inuence the efciency of agricultural equipment Kutzbach 1989 the shape of the potatoes was also considered in the modelTwo null hypotheses were formulated 1 the planting accurac
15、y is not related to the speed of the cup-belt and 2 the planting accuracy is not related to the dimensions expressed by a shape factor of the potatoes The hypotheses were tested both theoretically with the model and empirically in the laboratory2 Materials and methods21 Plant materialSeed potatoes o
16、f the cultivars cv Sante Arinda and Marfona have been used for testing the cup-belt planter because they show different shape characteristics The shape of the potato tuber is an important characteristic for handling and transporting Many shape features usually combined with size measurements can be distinguished Du Sun 2004 Tao et al 1995 Zodler1969 In the Netherlands grading of potatoes is mostly done by using the square mesh size Koning de et a
