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1、第八章 The Great Minds|英语（二）题库汇编共11题 材料全屏 Soot(烟灰) and Snow: a Hot Combination【*】New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions (释放) of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow.According to a computer simulation(模拟), black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warmi
2、ng over the past century. 【*】Soot in the higher latitudes(纬度) of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun s energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight【*】Soot in areas with snow
3、 and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheet smelt, they tend to get even dirtier,said Dr
4、.James Hansen, a researcher at NASAsGoddard Institute for Space Studies, New York.【*】Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo(反照率)( solar energy reflected back to space), which may be contributingto trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glac
5、iers and permafrost(永冻层). Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.【*】Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,Hansen said. Soots increased abs
6、orption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate.This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide(二氧化碳) forcing of the same magnitude(量,大小),” Hansen noted.【*】Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global clima
7、te is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century.【*】The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was l
8、arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers elimate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.1【单选】Paragraph_ASoots Role in Climate Chan
9、ges Above Oceans and LandBObservations of Warming in the Northern HemisphereCExplanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by SootDBlack Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate ChangeEBlack Soot Contributing to Global WarmingFGreenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming 题型：概括段意并补全句子
10、Paragraph_ ASoots Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and LandBObservations of Warming in the Northern HemisphereCExplanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by SootDBlack Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate ChangeEBlack Soot Contributing to Global WarmingFGreenhouse Gases as the Main
11、Factor of Global Warming 题型：概括段意并补全句子 Paragraph_ ASoots Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and LandBObservations of Warming in the Northern HemisphereCExplanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by SootDBlack Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate ChangeEBlack Soot Contributing to Global
12、 WarmingFGreenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming 题型：概括段意并补全句子 Paragraph_ ASoots Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and LandBObservations of Warming in the Northern HemisphereCExplanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by SootDBlack Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate ChangeEBlack Soot Contributing to Global WarmingFGreenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming 题型：概括段意并补全句子
