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1、大连理工大学网络教育学院第 1 页 共 6 页大学英语 4 辅导资料二主 题：对 Unit 1 语法点虚拟语气的讲解（2 ）学习时间：2012 年 4 月 9 日4 月 15 日内 容：2. 对过去的虚拟，表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句的谓语动词用 would (should, could, might)+过去分词。见下表：条件状语从句的动词形式 主句的动词形式If 主语 had + 过去分词 主语+ would (might, could, should)+ have +过去分词例句：If you had taken my advice, you wo
2、uldnt have failed in the examination. (fact: You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.)I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterdays examination. (fact: I did not have more time at yesterdays exam, so I didnt check my paper again.)He would have alr
3、eady recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in time. (fact: He didnt see the doctor in time, so he has not recovered from his illness.)If we had known that she was to arrive yesterday, we could have met her at the station. (fact: We didnt know that she was to arrive yesterday, so we co
4、uld not meet her at the station.)翻译小练习：英译汉1. If he had been warned, he would not have taken that food.2. If you had obeyed the order, the disaster could not have happened.3. If you had taken the old experienced workers advice, you wouldnt have failed in the experiment. 大连理工大学网络教育学院第 2 页 共 6 页4. If I
5、 had known that you were to arrive, I would have met you at the airport. 汉译英5. 如果我的律师上周六在这里，他就会阻止我去了。6. 要是她工作更努力些，她本是成功的。7. 会上我没有见到你。如果她来了，她就见到我哥哥了。答案：英译汉1. 要是有人警告过他，他就不会吃那个食物了。2. 如果你服从命令的话，灾难就不会发生了。3. 假如你早接受了那个有经验的老工人的意见，你的试验就不会失败了。4. 如果我知道你要来的话，我就去机场接你了。汉译英5. If my lawyer had been here last Saturd
6、ay, he would have prevented me from going.6. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.7. I didnt see your younger sister at the meeting. If she had come, she would have met my elder brother.3. 表示与将来事实相反的假设，对将来表示怀疑，或将来的动作不太可能实现时，条件状语从句和主句的谓语动词有以下形式：（见表）条件状语从句的动词形式（三种） 主句的动词形式（1（ If 主语 动词过去式
7、 (be 的过去式用 were)，通常要与一个表示将来的时间状语连用. 主语+ would (might, could, should)+ 动词原形大连理工大学网络教育学院第 3 页 共 6 页（2（ If + 主语( 任何人称和数) should 动词原形（3（ If + 主语( 任何人称和数) were to 动词 原形请看以下句子：1）If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off. (说明：The weather has been very changeable these days.) 条件状语从句的谓语动词用现在时，表示说话人认为下
8、雨的可能性很大。2）If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (说明：The weather has been very good these days.) 条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去时，表示说话人认为下雨的可能性不大。3）If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (万一明天下雨，我们的野餐就推迟) 。条件状 语从句的谓语动词用 should动词原形，说明下雨的可能性很小或没有可能，如果下雨，那将是出乎意料的。4）If it were to rain tomo
9、rrow, our picnic would be put off. 这句话与上一句意思几乎一模一样。Now look at more examples:If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.If she were to miss the train tomorrow, she might come back and start off again the day after tomorrow. 翻译小练习：大连理工大学网络教育学院第 4 页 共 6 页汉译英1. 万一你失败了，你准备怎么办？2. 要是我明天真的见到她，我就把
10、真相告诉她。英译汉3. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.4. I bet Brazil will win the World Cup. If it should lose, I would treat you a meal.答案：1. If you should fail, what would you do?2. If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.3. 万一明天下雨，会议就推迟。4. 我打赌巴西会赢得世界杯。要是巴西输了，我就请
11、你搓一顿。统考例题讲解（重点掌握）1. _ is not very easy.A. Work out the problem B. To ask him to comeC. Send it to America D. To be become a teacher解析：本题考查非谓语动词。原句由不定式作句子的主语，所以选择 B。2. It will take a long time _around the country.A. to traveling B. to travel C. travel D. traveling解析：本题为“ 花费多少时间 做某事” 的特定结构，即 take some
12、 time to do sth. 所以选择 B。3. Bob had years of hard work, little food, only a cold room _ and never had a moment to rest.A. to live B. living C. live D. to live in解析：live in a cold room 意为“住在冰冷的房间里”，用作定语的不定式不能缺少大连理工大学网络教育学院第 5 页 共 6 页介词 in。所以选择 D。4. I asked him to stop _ noise, for I could not make out
13、 what the speaker was saying.A. to make B. make C. making D. to making解析：stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事” ，而 stop to do sth. 则表示“停下来开始做某事”的意思。所以选择 C。5. It was so noisy that I couldnt make myself _ clearly.A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. listen解析：make +反身代词+过 去分词，表示被 动意义。make oneself heard 意为“使自己的声音被听
14、见” ，即“让别人听见自己。 ”所以选择 C。练习题（重点练习）词汇与结构1. The physics exam is not difficult, is it? _. Even Harry _ to the top students failed.A. Yes; belongs B. No; belongedC. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging2. Hi, Jane. Would you like to go to the ball this evening? Sorry, Frank. _ tomorrows lessons, I have no time
15、to go out with you.A. Not preparing B. Not having preparedC. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared3. Dont you feel surprised to see George at the meeting? Yes. I really didnt think he _ here.A. has been B. had been C. would be D. would have been4. Nancy was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital. Oh, really? I _. I _ visit her.A. didnt know; will go to B. dont know; will go toC. didnt know; am going to D. havent known; am going to大连理工大学网络教育学院第 6 页 共 6 页5. Take this medicine t
