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1、 黄河科技学院毕业设计说明书 第 I 页动平衡机自动化校正系统设计 摘 要如今动平衡技术已经非常成熟，但是传统的动平衡机只能完成转子的动平衡测试，而很多情况下转子的动平衡校正还是由人工完成，所以生产效率比较低。为适应现代企业高效率的生产要求，动平衡测试与自动校正一体机已成为必然趋势和主流。本文综合考虑国内外自动化程度不同的各型平衡机优缺点，开发出一种可用于中小型电机转子动平衡的 R 型铣削校正方式双工位全自动平衡机。系统结构采用模块化设计思想，多线程协调统筹动作，信号动作状态线图进行程序流程及时序分析，具有结构分立及合并方便，生产节拍精简，运行可靠，高校正精度等特点。为保证系统平衡精度，本文在
2、多有文献论述的测量系统精度控制的研究基础上，重点对铣削校正系统的精度控制进行目标分析和提出应用方案。文章首先详细分析各因素对平衡校正精度的相对重要性和控制难度，包括 R 型铣槽动不平衡量的多因素影响、相位误差因素影响、校正平面位置偏差因素影响等，得出：侧吃刀量分散度和铣刀刀尖过渡刃长度尺寸公差是转子 R 型铣削校正精度控制的主要因素，并且相位误差及校正平面位置偏差也是重要目标。如何实现转子的全自动动平衡校正是本文研究的重点。为此，文章研究探讨了转子的校正策略，结合转子的实际外形并考虑到校正过程的操作简便性，本系统采用在转子的端面钻孔去重的校正方法。在此基础上分析了各种情况下进刀量和不平衡质量大
3、小的关系，并建立了去重数学模型。随后针对校正过程中存在的误差进行了理论分析。在控制系统的研究中，文章对系统的总体结构和总体方案进行了设计。伺服技术是系统实现去重自动化并保证校正精度的关键。文章对主轴伺服和进给伺服的关键技术也进行了详细的研究。包括主轴伺服的调速原理和定向控制，脉冲比较进给伺服的原理，关键电路的设计与分析。并对交流伺服系统中的电子齿轮进行了研究。 另外，对去重系统软件的流程进行了设计。关键词 动平衡，全自动平衡机，铣削用量 黄河科技学院毕业设计说明书 第 II 页Automatic dynamic balance correction machine designAbstract
4、Nowadays, Dynamic balancing technology has been well established, but the function of the traditional balancing machines is limited to rotors unbalancing test. In many cases, the rotors balance adjustment is still done by hand, so the productivity is relatively low. This thesis comprehensively consi
5、dered relative merits of diversiform balancing machines of different automatic level at home and abroad, and developed one double working-position type of automated dynamic balancing, which applies to micro-midi electric machine rotors R-milling balance correction.To assure system accuracy, the writ
6、er focuses on the accuracy analysis of balancing correction system and proposition of resolution methods, founded on the accuracy control of balance measurement system which has been discussed in numerous literatures.Firstly, relative importance and control difficulties of various factors which impa
7、ct on correction accuracy are analyzed in detail. The work reaches results that depth dispersion of side-cut and chamfered corner length tolerance of milling cutter tool nose are the main factors, as well as phase error and place deviation of correction plane.Then the relationship between feed volum
8、e and unbalance quality is analyzed, on the basis of which the de-weighting mathematical model is established. Besides, the possible amending error is theoretically analyzed.For the research of the controlling system, the skeleton of the mechanical configuration and the controlling formula are first
9、ly introduced. Servo system is a key technology to the realization of automatic de-weighting and to ensure the correcting precision. So, the key technology of servo system is also researched in this paper, including spindle servo and feeding servo system. For the spindle servo system, the focus is o
10、n the research of the speed adjusting principle and the method of position controlling. For the feeding servo system, the principle of pulse comparison is firstly introduced, then some key circuits are designed and analyzed. Besides, the electronic gear used in the AC servo system is also researched
11、. For the software, the de-weighting procedure is designed. 黄河科技学院毕业设计说明书 第 III 页Keywords: Dynamic Balancing, Automated Balancing Machine, Milling Dosa 黄河科技学院毕业设计说明书 第 IV 页目 录1 绪论 .11.1 课题背景及目的 .11.2 国内外研究状况 .11.3 课题研究内容及要求 .32 转子的动平衡原理 .52.1 转子产生不平衡的原因及其危害 .52.2 不平衡的种类 .72.3 刚性转子的动平衡原理 .72.4 挠性转子的动平衡原理 .72.5 校正理论研究 .82.5.1 校正方法简介.82.5.2 全自动平衡机系统的组成 .92.5.3 全自动平衡机系统的控制流程 .102.5.4 R 型铣削模型 .103 全自动动平衡机的系统构架 .
